193
Chapter 13
Environmental Citizenship in Secondary
Formal Education: The Importance
of Curriculum and Subject Teachers
Niklas Gericke, Lihong Huang, Marie-Christine Knippels,
Andri Christodoulou, Frans Van Dam, and Slaven Gasparovic
13.1 Curriculum Principles and Environmental Citizenship
Teachers in formal secondary schools always teach based on the curricula of a
school subject. In some countries they teach only one subject, in other countries
perhaps two, three or even four. For instance, English science teachers are required
to be able to teach biology, chemistry and physics to students aged 11–16. Overall,
secondary schoolteachers are considered to be subject specialists, and their teaching
is steered by what the formal curricula prescribes. The curricula of secondary school
often consist of a general section that all teachers are obliged to follow and the
N. Gericke (*)
Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
e-mail: niklas.gericke@kau.se
L. Huang
Youth Research Unit of NOVA – Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University,
Oslo, Norway
e-mail: lihong.huang@oslomet.no
M.-C. Knippels
Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: M.C.P.J.Knippels@uu.nl
A. Christodoulou
Southampton Education School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
e-mail: A.Christodoulou@soton.ac.uk
F. Van Dam
Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: F.W.vanDam@uu.nl
S. Gasparovic
Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
e-mail: slaveng@geog.pmf.hr
© The Author(s) 2020
A. Ch. Hadjichambis et al. (eds.), Conceptualizing Environmental Citizenship
for 21st Century Education, Environmental Discourses in Science Education 4,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20249-1_13
Chapter 13
Environmental Citizenship in Secondary
Formal Education: The Importance
of Curriculum and Subject Teachers
Niklas Gericke, Lihong Huang, Marie-Christine Knippels,
Andri Christodoulou, Frans Van Dam, and Slaven Gasparovic
13.1 Curriculum Principles and Environmental Citizenship
Teachers in formal secondary schools always teach based on the curricula of a
school subject. In some countries they teach only one subject, in other countries
perhaps two, three or even four. For instance, English science teachers are required
to be able to teach biology, chemistry and physics to students aged 11–16. Overall,
secondary schoolteachers are considered to be subject specialists, and their teaching
is steered by what the formal curricula prescribes. The curricula of secondary school
often consist of a general section that all teachers are obliged to follow and the
N. Gericke (*)
Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
e-mail: niklas.gericke@kau.se
L. Huang
Youth Research Unit of NOVA – Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University,
Oslo, Norway
e-mail: lihong.huang@oslomet.no
M.-C. Knippels
Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: M.C.P.J.Knippels@uu.nl
A. Christodoulou
Southampton Education School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
e-mail: A.Christodoulou@soton.ac.uk
F. Van Dam
Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: F.W.vanDam@uu.nl
S. Gasparovic
Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
e-mail: slaveng@geog.pmf.hr
© The Author(s) 2020
A. Ch. Hadjichambis et al. (eds.), Conceptualizing Environmental Citizenship
for 21st Century Education, Environmental Discourses in Science Education 4,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20249-1_13