3.1 The Nature of Lip Vibration
67
Fig. 3.4 A cycle of motion
of a brass player’s lips
(frontal view, obtained with a
high-speed camera and
transparent mouthpiece). The
time sequence of the images
is from top to bottom in the
left-hand column and then
from top to bottom in the
right-hand column. From
Bromage et al. (2010)
Fig. 3.5 Cartesian axes used
to describe lip motion: x
(lateral), y (transverse) and z
(axial)
slightly open, and the y axis is perpendicular to both x and z axes. The absolute
orientation of this set of axes is determined by the angle at which the player holds
the instrument, but to simplify the discussion, the three mutually perpendicular axes
will be described as ‘lateral’ (x), ‘transverse’ (y) and ‘axial’ (z).
Figure 3.4 illustrates the lip motion for a low-pitch note played loudly on a
trombone. The width of each image is 25 mm, which is approximately the internal
67
Fig. 3.4 A cycle of motion
of a brass player’s lips
(frontal view, obtained with a
high-speed camera and
transparent mouthpiece). The
time sequence of the images
is from top to bottom in the
left-hand column and then
from top to bottom in the
right-hand column. From
Bromage et al. (2010)
Fig. 3.5 Cartesian axes used
to describe lip motion: x
(lateral), y (transverse) and z
(axial)
slightly open, and the y axis is perpendicular to both x and z axes. The absolute
orientation of this set of axes is determined by the angle at which the player holds
the instrument, but to simplify the discussion, the three mutually perpendicular axes
will be described as ‘lateral’ (x), ‘transverse’ (y) and ‘axial’ (z).
Figure 3.4 illustrates the lip motion for a low-pitch note played loudly on a
trombone. The width of each image is 25 mm, which is approximately the internal