3 Statistical and Dynamical Bimodality in Multifragmentation Reactions
39
gas phase transition are observed in simulations [33]. These results indicate that
heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies can be used in the laboratory to study
dynamical as well as statistical bimodalities
References
1. D.H.E. Gross, Microcanonical Thermodynamics: Phase Transitions in Finite Systems. Lecture
Notes in Physics, vol. 66 (World Scientific, Singapore, 2001).
2. F. Gulminelli, Phase coexistence in nuclei. Ann. Phys. Fr. 29(6), 1–121 (2004)
3. S.D. Gupta, A.Z. Mekjian, M.B. Tsang, Advances in Nuclear Physics, vol. 26, 89, eds. by J.W.
Negele, E. Vogt (Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001)
4. P. Chomaz, F. Gulminelli, First-order phase transitions: equivalence between bimodalities and
the Yang-Lee theorem. Phys. A 330, 451–458 (2003)
5. F. Gulminelli, J.M. Carmona, P. Chomaz, J. Richert, S. Jimenez, V. Regnard, Transient backbending behavior in the Ising model with fixed magnetization. Phys. Rev. E 68, 026119 (2003)
6. P. Chomaz, V. Duflot, F. Gulminelli, Caloric curves and energy fluctuations in the microcanonical liquid-gas phase transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3587–3590 (2000)
7. F. Gulminelli, P. Chomaz, Distribution of the largest fragment in the lattice gas model. Phys.
Rev. C 71, 054607 (2005)
8. M. Kastner, M. Pleimling, Microcanonical phase diagrams of short-range ferromagnets. Phys.
Rev. Lett 102, 240604 (2009)
9. G. Lehaut et al., Phase diagram of the charged lattice-gas model with two types of particles.
Phys. Rev. E 81, 051104 (2010)
10. G. Chaudhuri, S.D. Gupta, Properties of the largest fragment in multifragmentation: a canonical
thermodynamic calculation. Phys. Rev. C 75, 034603 (2007)
11. M. Bruno et al., Signals of bimodality in the fragmentation of Au quasi-projectiles. Nucl. Phys.
A 807, 48–60 (2008)
12. E. Bonnet et al., Bimodal behavior of the heaviest fragment distribution in projectile fragmentation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072701 (2009)
13. B. Borderie et al., The prominent role of the heaviest fragment in multfragmentation and
phase-transition for hot nuclei. Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 19, 1523–1533 (2010)
14. K. Zbiri et al., Transition from participant to spectator fragmentation in Au+Au reactions
between 60 and 150 AMeV. Phys. Rev. C 75, 034612 (2007)
15. A. Le Fevre et al., Bimodality: a sign of critical behavior in nuclear reactions. Phys. Rev. Lett.
100, 042701 (2008)
16. A. Le Fevre et al., Bimodality: a general feature of heavy ion reactions. Phys. Rev. C 80, 044615
(2009)
17. S. Mallik, S.D. Gupta, G. Chaudhuri, Bimodality emerges from transport model calculations
of heavy ion collisions at intermediate energy. Phys. Rev. C 93, 041603(R) (2016)
18. M. Pichon et al., Bimodality: a possible experimental signature of the liquid-gas phase transition
of nuclear matter. Nucl. Phys. A 779, 267–296 (2006)
19. P. Lautesse et al., Experimental overview of Ni+Ni collisions at 32 MeV/nucleon: discriminant
analysis and duality in the decay modes of a fusionlike system. Phys. Rev. C 71, 034602 (2005)
20. O. Lopez, M.F. Rivet, Bimodalities: a survey of experimental data and models. Eur. Phys. J. A
30, 263–274 (2006)
21. S. Das Gupta, A.Z. Mekjian, Phase transition in a statistical model for nuclear multifragmentation. Phys. Rev C 57, 1361–1365 (1998)
22. K.A. Bugaev, M.I. Gorenstein, I.N. Mishustin, W. Greiner, Exactly soluble model for nuclear
liquid-gas phase transition. Phys. Rev. C 62, 044320 (2000)
39
gas phase transition are observed in simulations [33]. These results indicate that
heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies can be used in the laboratory to study
dynamical as well as statistical bimodalities
References
1. D.H.E. Gross, Microcanonical Thermodynamics: Phase Transitions in Finite Systems. Lecture
Notes in Physics, vol. 66 (World Scientific, Singapore, 2001).
2. F. Gulminelli, Phase coexistence in nuclei. Ann. Phys. Fr. 29(6), 1–121 (2004)
3. S.D. Gupta, A.Z. Mekjian, M.B. Tsang, Advances in Nuclear Physics, vol. 26, 89, eds. by J.W.
Negele, E. Vogt (Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001)
4. P. Chomaz, F. Gulminelli, First-order phase transitions: equivalence between bimodalities and
the Yang-Lee theorem. Phys. A 330, 451–458 (2003)
5. F. Gulminelli, J.M. Carmona, P. Chomaz, J. Richert, S. Jimenez, V. Regnard, Transient backbending behavior in the Ising model with fixed magnetization. Phys. Rev. E 68, 026119 (2003)
6. P. Chomaz, V. Duflot, F. Gulminelli, Caloric curves and energy fluctuations in the microcanonical liquid-gas phase transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3587–3590 (2000)
7. F. Gulminelli, P. Chomaz, Distribution of the largest fragment in the lattice gas model. Phys.
Rev. C 71, 054607 (2005)
8. M. Kastner, M. Pleimling, Microcanonical phase diagrams of short-range ferromagnets. Phys.
Rev. Lett 102, 240604 (2009)
9. G. Lehaut et al., Phase diagram of the charged lattice-gas model with two types of particles.
Phys. Rev. E 81, 051104 (2010)
10. G. Chaudhuri, S.D. Gupta, Properties of the largest fragment in multifragmentation: a canonical
thermodynamic calculation. Phys. Rev. C 75, 034603 (2007)
11. M. Bruno et al., Signals of bimodality in the fragmentation of Au quasi-projectiles. Nucl. Phys.
A 807, 48–60 (2008)
12. E. Bonnet et al., Bimodal behavior of the heaviest fragment distribution in projectile fragmentation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072701 (2009)
13. B. Borderie et al., The prominent role of the heaviest fragment in multfragmentation and
phase-transition for hot nuclei. Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 19, 1523–1533 (2010)
14. K. Zbiri et al., Transition from participant to spectator fragmentation in Au+Au reactions
between 60 and 150 AMeV. Phys. Rev. C 75, 034612 (2007)
15. A. Le Fevre et al., Bimodality: a sign of critical behavior in nuclear reactions. Phys. Rev. Lett.
100, 042701 (2008)
16. A. Le Fevre et al., Bimodality: a general feature of heavy ion reactions. Phys. Rev. C 80, 044615
(2009)
17. S. Mallik, S.D. Gupta, G. Chaudhuri, Bimodality emerges from transport model calculations
of heavy ion collisions at intermediate energy. Phys. Rev. C 93, 041603(R) (2016)
18. M. Pichon et al., Bimodality: a possible experimental signature of the liquid-gas phase transition
of nuclear matter. Nucl. Phys. A 779, 267–296 (2006)
19. P. Lautesse et al., Experimental overview of Ni+Ni collisions at 32 MeV/nucleon: discriminant
analysis and duality in the decay modes of a fusionlike system. Phys. Rev. C 71, 034602 (2005)
20. O. Lopez, M.F. Rivet, Bimodalities: a survey of experimental data and models. Eur. Phys. J. A
30, 263–274 (2006)
21. S. Das Gupta, A.Z. Mekjian, Phase transition in a statistical model for nuclear multifragmentation. Phys. Rev C 57, 1361–1365 (1998)
22. K.A. Bugaev, M.I. Gorenstein, I.N. Mishustin, W. Greiner, Exactly soluble model for nuclear
liquid-gas phase transition. Phys. Rev. C 62, 044320 (2000)