102
Sucheta et al.
nuclei reaction, therefore, the fragmentation of later can greatly contribute toward
the understanding of nuclear matter properties.
Lastly, to further strengthen our point towards the role of halo structured nuclei, in
Fig. 8.5 we examine the transverse momentum spectra ( p T -spectra) of free nucleons
(FNs), light charged particles (LCPs), and intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) using
different equations of state with and without momentum-dependent interactions.
The representation of the symbols in the figure is same as in Fig. 8.4. The transverse
momentum spectra gives us information about the amount of longitudinal momentum
which is converted into the transverse momentum. Here, the results are reflecting the
results in earlier paragraph. The fragments produced in the halo nuclei reactions
have lesser momentum in the transverse direction. On the other hand, stable nuclei
reaction have greater number of fragments in high p T region compared lower ones,
if the results are compared to stable ones.
8.4 Summary
In the present chapter, we have shown the effect of halo structure of nuclei on the
fragmentation at intermediate energies. We have also compared our results with the
reactions of stable nuclei. We found that the halo nuclei reactions are more sensitive
toward the different equation of states of nuclear matter. We have also shown the
difference between the fragmentation production between halo and stable nuclei
reaction can provide some interesting aspects of nuclear equation of state.
References
1. L.V. Bravina et al., Microscopic models and effective equation of state in nuclear collisions in
the vicinity of E lab = 30 A GeV at the GSI Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
and beyond. Phys. Rev. C 78, 014907 (2008)
2. J.M. Lattimer, C.J. Pethick, M. Prakash, P. Haensel, Direct URCA process in neutron stars.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2701–2704 (1991)
3. G. Kaur, M.K. Sharma, Decay of 150,158 Ti nuclear systems formed in reactions induced by
loosely bound 6 Li. Phys. Rev. C 78, 014907 (2013)
4. P.K. Rath et al., Neutrinoless ββ decay transition matrix elements within mechanisms involving
light Majorana neutrinos, classical Majorons, and sterile neutrinos. Phys. Rev. C 88, 064322
(2013)
5. X.J. Bao, Y. Gao, J.Q. Li, H.F. Zhang, Influence of nuclear basic data on the calculation of
production cross sections of superheavy nuclei. Phys. Rev. C 92, 014601 (2015)
6. C.Y. Wong, Introduction to high-energy heavy-ion collisions (World Scientific, Singapore,
1994)
7. S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, Importance of momentum dependent interactions in multifragmentationon. Phys. Rev. C 60, 054607 (1999)
8. A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Systematic study of the energy of vanishing flow: role of equations of
state and cross-sections. Phys. Rev. C 73, 067602 (2006)
9. Y.K. Vermani, S. Goyal, R.K. Puri, Momentum dependence of the nuclear mean field and
multifragmentation in heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 78, 064613 (2009)
Sucheta et al.
nuclei reaction, therefore, the fragmentation of later can greatly contribute toward
the understanding of nuclear matter properties.
Lastly, to further strengthen our point towards the role of halo structured nuclei, in
Fig. 8.5 we examine the transverse momentum spectra ( p T -spectra) of free nucleons
(FNs), light charged particles (LCPs), and intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) using
different equations of state with and without momentum-dependent interactions.
The representation of the symbols in the figure is same as in Fig. 8.4. The transverse
momentum spectra gives us information about the amount of longitudinal momentum
which is converted into the transverse momentum. Here, the results are reflecting the
results in earlier paragraph. The fragments produced in the halo nuclei reactions
have lesser momentum in the transverse direction. On the other hand, stable nuclei
reaction have greater number of fragments in high p T region compared lower ones,
if the results are compared to stable ones.
8.4 Summary
In the present chapter, we have shown the effect of halo structure of nuclei on the
fragmentation at intermediate energies. We have also compared our results with the
reactions of stable nuclei. We found that the halo nuclei reactions are more sensitive
toward the different equation of states of nuclear matter. We have also shown the
difference between the fragmentation production between halo and stable nuclei
reaction can provide some interesting aspects of nuclear equation of state.
References
1. L.V. Bravina et al., Microscopic models and effective equation of state in nuclear collisions in
the vicinity of E lab = 30 A GeV at the GSI Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
and beyond. Phys. Rev. C 78, 014907 (2008)
2. J.M. Lattimer, C.J. Pethick, M. Prakash, P. Haensel, Direct URCA process in neutron stars.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2701–2704 (1991)
3. G. Kaur, M.K. Sharma, Decay of 150,158 Ti nuclear systems formed in reactions induced by
loosely bound 6 Li. Phys. Rev. C 78, 014907 (2013)
4. P.K. Rath et al., Neutrinoless ββ decay transition matrix elements within mechanisms involving
light Majorana neutrinos, classical Majorons, and sterile neutrinos. Phys. Rev. C 88, 064322
(2013)
5. X.J. Bao, Y. Gao, J.Q. Li, H.F. Zhang, Influence of nuclear basic data on the calculation of
production cross sections of superheavy nuclei. Phys. Rev. C 92, 014601 (2015)
6. C.Y. Wong, Introduction to high-energy heavy-ion collisions (World Scientific, Singapore,
1994)
7. S. Kumar, R.K. Puri, Importance of momentum dependent interactions in multifragmentationon. Phys. Rev. C 60, 054607 (1999)
8. A.D. Sood, R.K. Puri, Systematic study of the energy of vanishing flow: role of equations of
state and cross-sections. Phys. Rev. C 73, 067602 (2006)
9. Y.K. Vermani, S. Goyal, R.K. Puri, Momentum dependence of the nuclear mean field and
multifragmentation in heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 78, 064613 (2009)