94
Sucheta et al.
such as incident energy, choice of projectile and target, their isospin-content, mass
asymmetry and the structure of projectiles and targets. In this regard, the quantum
molecular dynamics (QMD) model was used to study the fragmentation of
197 Au +
197 Au reactions using soft and hard equations of state [7]. Sood and Puri have also
investigated the role of soft and hard equation of state on the energy of vanishing flow
for symmetric reactions for
12 C to
238 U reactions [8]. Only marginal differences were
observed. Earlier studies, do show that the momentum-dependent interactions are
also required to explain some features of nuclear reactions at intermediate energies.
In [7], significant effect of MDI was observed in the peripheral collisions of various
nearly symmetric reactions. Vermani et al. [9], also investigated the role of MDI on
197 Au +
197 Au reactions results at an incident energy of 400 MeV/nucleon.
The past few decades have seen a rapid increase in the interest of structure and
reaction dynamics involving exotic nuclei which are far away from the line of stability
especially halo nuclei. Generally, halo nuclei is regarded as a threshold phenomena
having an abrupt increase in the interaction cross-section and narrow momentum
distribution of the nucleons. This exotic phenomena was first studied in 1985 in
Berkeley experiments by Tanihata et al. [10, 11], using radioactive nuclear beams
through the measurements of the interaction cross-sections. The root behind the
halo structure is the weakly bound nucleons which decouple from a tightly bound
nuclear core. The weakly bound nucleons makes the interaction cross-sections of
these nuclei appreciably larger. These nuclei are also investigated for different nuclear
reactions. To mention a few, at low incident energy, Raj Kumari has studied the fusion
probabilities of halo nuclei using proximity-based potentials. They had investigated
the effect of the halo nuclei such as
6 He,
11 Be and
8 B on the fusion cross-section
and the barrier heights [12]. Their findings reveals that the extended sizes of the halo
nuclei contributes toward the enhancement of the fusion probabilities and reduction
in the barrier heights. They also conclude that the enhancement in the fusion crosssection is much significant at low incident energies and as the energy increases
the effect diminishes. To study the role of halo structure in nuclear dynamics at
intermediate energies, a number of studies are also done, e.g., within the framework
of Isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model, Liu et al. [13]
studied the role of loose neutron-halo structure of
19 B on the fragment multiplicity
and nuclear stopping in the incident energy range of 20 to 150 MeV/nucleon. To
perceive the role of halo structure on the reaction dynamics, they had compared the
fragment multiplicity and nuclear stopping observables of the
19 B halo structured
nuclei with the same mass stable
19 F nuclei. The effect of the halo structured nuclei on
the fragment multiplicity and nuclear stopping is found to be more at lower incident
energies but starts decreasing gradually with further increase in the energy. They
also concluded that the halo structured nuclei increases the fragment multiplicity but
the opposite is observed for the nuclear stopping. In other study, using relativistic
mean field (RMF) densities, in the framework of Glauber model formalism, the
reaction cross-sections for all the
24−40 Mg isotopes is studied with stable target of
12 C at an incident energy of 240 MeV/nucleon [14]. Their results well explained the
experimental observables for the reaction cross-sections for all the Mg isotopes at
RIBF and RIKEN except for the
37 Mg which supports its halo structure [15]. Further,
Sucheta et al.
such as incident energy, choice of projectile and target, their isospin-content, mass
asymmetry and the structure of projectiles and targets. In this regard, the quantum
molecular dynamics (QMD) model was used to study the fragmentation of
197 Au +
197 Au reactions using soft and hard equations of state [7]. Sood and Puri have also
investigated the role of soft and hard equation of state on the energy of vanishing flow
for symmetric reactions for
12 C to
238 U reactions [8]. Only marginal differences were
observed. Earlier studies, do show that the momentum-dependent interactions are
also required to explain some features of nuclear reactions at intermediate energies.
In [7], significant effect of MDI was observed in the peripheral collisions of various
nearly symmetric reactions. Vermani et al. [9], also investigated the role of MDI on
197 Au +
197 Au reactions results at an incident energy of 400 MeV/nucleon.
The past few decades have seen a rapid increase in the interest of structure and
reaction dynamics involving exotic nuclei which are far away from the line of stability
especially halo nuclei. Generally, halo nuclei is regarded as a threshold phenomena
having an abrupt increase in the interaction cross-section and narrow momentum
distribution of the nucleons. This exotic phenomena was first studied in 1985 in
Berkeley experiments by Tanihata et al. [10, 11], using radioactive nuclear beams
through the measurements of the interaction cross-sections. The root behind the
halo structure is the weakly bound nucleons which decouple from a tightly bound
nuclear core. The weakly bound nucleons makes the interaction cross-sections of
these nuclei appreciably larger. These nuclei are also investigated for different nuclear
reactions. To mention a few, at low incident energy, Raj Kumari has studied the fusion
probabilities of halo nuclei using proximity-based potentials. They had investigated
the effect of the halo nuclei such as
6 He,
11 Be and
8 B on the fusion cross-section
and the barrier heights [12]. Their findings reveals that the extended sizes of the halo
nuclei contributes toward the enhancement of the fusion probabilities and reduction
in the barrier heights. They also conclude that the enhancement in the fusion crosssection is much significant at low incident energies and as the energy increases
the effect diminishes. To study the role of halo structure in nuclear dynamics at
intermediate energies, a number of studies are also done, e.g., within the framework
of Isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model, Liu et al. [13]
studied the role of loose neutron-halo structure of
19 B on the fragment multiplicity
and nuclear stopping in the incident energy range of 20 to 150 MeV/nucleon. To
perceive the role of halo structure on the reaction dynamics, they had compared the
fragment multiplicity and nuclear stopping observables of the
19 B halo structured
nuclei with the same mass stable
19 F nuclei. The effect of the halo structured nuclei on
the fragment multiplicity and nuclear stopping is found to be more at lower incident
energies but starts decreasing gradually with further increase in the energy. They
also concluded that the halo structured nuclei increases the fragment multiplicity but
the opposite is observed for the nuclear stopping. In other study, using relativistic
mean field (RMF) densities, in the framework of Glauber model formalism, the
reaction cross-sections for all the
24−40 Mg isotopes is studied with stable target of
12 C at an incident energy of 240 MeV/nucleon [14]. Their results well explained the
experimental observables for the reaction cross-sections for all the Mg isotopes at
RIBF and RIKEN except for the
37 Mg which supports its halo structure [15]. Further,