16.2 Development Status
521
measure density of lunar regolith. The infrared radiometer was applied to measure
lunar surface temperature. The measurement results indicated that the temperature
at noon was 117 ± 3 °C. The measurement of radiation densitometer indicated that
radiation levels on lunar surface would be less than hazardous for humans.
Luna 17 and Luna 21 were launched in November 1970 and January 1973. The
mission objectives were to be landed on lunar surface and implement the lunar rover
deployment on lunar surface. There was no instrument on the lunar lander. Both
missions were successful.
Luna 16, Luna 20 and Luna 24 were launched in September 1970, February 1972,
and August 1973 separately. The mission objectives of the lunar lander were to be
landed on lunar surface and take sample of lunar soil and support lift-off on lunar
surface. There were drill samplers on Luna 16, Luna 20 and Luna 24. About 101,
55 and 170 g lunar soil samples were returned to Earth in the three missions. Luna
16 was the first robotic probe to land on the Moon and return sample back to Earth.
the Soviet Union scientists studied returned lunar sample with infrared spectrometer
and found that there were 0.1% water in lunar soil, which was published in 1978.
16.3 Requirements
16.3.1 Requirements for Scientific Exploration
The four scientific objectives are designed in the second phase of CLEP as follows.
(1) To survey on the morphology and geological structure of the landing site and
roving area.
(2) To analyze mineral composition and chemical composition in the landing site
and roving area.
(3) To explore internal structure of the Moon.
(4) To explore the environment of Earth-Moon space and lunar surface, and
perform optical astronomy observation on lunar surface.
After optimization of the scientific payloads, the Chang’E-3 lander and the rover
would jointly implement above four scientific objectives. The four scientific
exploration tasks should be implemented by the Chang’E-3 lunar lander as follows.
(1) To in situ take image of lunar surface.
(2) To investigate lunar crater in high resolution.
(3) To take extreme ultraviolet image of Earth plasmasphere.
(4) To perform the optical astronomy observation on lunar surface.
Where, task (1) and (2) were designed for the investigation of lunar terrain and
geological structure of the landing site; task (3) and (4) were designed for exploration
of Earth-Moon space and optical astronomy observation based on the Moon.
521
measure density of lunar regolith. The infrared radiometer was applied to measure
lunar surface temperature. The measurement results indicated that the temperature
at noon was 117 ± 3 °C. The measurement of radiation densitometer indicated that
radiation levels on lunar surface would be less than hazardous for humans.
Luna 17 and Luna 21 were launched in November 1970 and January 1973. The
mission objectives were to be landed on lunar surface and implement the lunar rover
deployment on lunar surface. There was no instrument on the lunar lander. Both
missions were successful.
Luna 16, Luna 20 and Luna 24 were launched in September 1970, February 1972,
and August 1973 separately. The mission objectives of the lunar lander were to be
landed on lunar surface and take sample of lunar soil and support lift-off on lunar
surface. There were drill samplers on Luna 16, Luna 20 and Luna 24. About 101,
55 and 170 g lunar soil samples were returned to Earth in the three missions. Luna
16 was the first robotic probe to land on the Moon and return sample back to Earth.
the Soviet Union scientists studied returned lunar sample with infrared spectrometer
and found that there were 0.1% water in lunar soil, which was published in 1978.
16.3 Requirements
16.3.1 Requirements for Scientific Exploration
The four scientific objectives are designed in the second phase of CLEP as follows.
(1) To survey on the morphology and geological structure of the landing site and
roving area.
(2) To analyze mineral composition and chemical composition in the landing site
and roving area.
(3) To explore internal structure of the Moon.
(4) To explore the environment of Earth-Moon space and lunar surface, and
perform optical astronomy observation on lunar surface.
After optimization of the scientific payloads, the Chang’E-3 lander and the rover
would jointly implement above four scientific objectives. The four scientific
exploration tasks should be implemented by the Chang’E-3 lunar lander as follows.
(1) To in situ take image of lunar surface.
(2) To investigate lunar crater in high resolution.
(3) To take extreme ultraviolet image of Earth plasmasphere.
(4) To perform the optical astronomy observation on lunar surface.
Where, task (1) and (2) were designed for the investigation of lunar terrain and
geological structure of the landing site; task (3) and (4) were designed for exploration
of Earth-Moon space and optical astronomy observation based on the Moon.