12
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Breadth of ES Inclusion in Urban Plans
Figure 2.1 shows the breadth score indicator measuring the overall inclusion in
plans (i.e. inclusion in at least one component). Urban ES are clearly divided into
two groups: five urban ES are included in almost all plans in the sample (breadth
score > 85%), whereas around half of the plans consider the other four urban ES
(breadth score between 45% and 55%). Figure 2.2 breaks down the breadth score by
plan component. The frequency of mention in the information base and in the
actions components is similar across ES, although values for the latter are slightly
Table 2.3 (continued)
Conservation zone or
protected area
Definition of a boundary for a conservation zone or a protected area,
and of the rules (restrictions and limitations) that must be respected
within this area.
Other regulatory
tools
All the other types of actions undertaken through regulatory tools (e.g.
density regulations, permitted and forbidden uses related to zoning).
Design-based tools
Definition of specific design solutions to implement either in public
projects or in privately lead urban developments.
Incentive-based tools
Preferential tax
treatment
Definition of a financial incentive in the form of a preferential tax
treatment (usually a reduction in planning fees).
Density bonus
Definition of a non-financial incentive in the form of an increase in the
surface (or volume) that is allowed in the area.
Transfer of
development rights
Definition of a “transfer of development rights” mechanism: the
development right is assigned to an area as a compensation for the
placement of a conservation easement that prevents further
development, and can be applied in other areas or sold. Participation is
on a voluntary basis.
Other incentivebased tools
This category includes all the other types of incentive-based tools, such
as the possibility of realizing specific interventions under certain
conditions.
Land acquisition
programs
Definition of a program for land acquisition by the public
administration, with the aim of realizing a public project.
Other tools
Principles for public
space design
Definition of design principles and guidelines (non-compulsory) that
should be applied in the realization of public spaces.
Principles for
territorial
management
Declaration of principles that the municipal administration will follow
in the management of the territory (e.g. commitment in administrative
processes or in the implementation of future planning documents). It
also includes assessment criteria for proposed interventions, when no
incentive is envisioned.
Promotion of good
practices
Suggestion of principles, good practices, best available techniques, etc.
(non-compulsory) to apply in private areas.
2 Reviewing Ecosystem Services in Urban Plans
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Breadth of ES Inclusion in Urban Plans
Figure 2.1 shows the breadth score indicator measuring the overall inclusion in
plans (i.e. inclusion in at least one component). Urban ES are clearly divided into
two groups: five urban ES are included in almost all plans in the sample (breadth
score > 85%), whereas around half of the plans consider the other four urban ES
(breadth score between 45% and 55%). Figure 2.2 breaks down the breadth score by
plan component. The frequency of mention in the information base and in the
actions components is similar across ES, although values for the latter are slightly
Table 2.3 (continued)
Conservation zone or
protected area
Definition of a boundary for a conservation zone or a protected area,
and of the rules (restrictions and limitations) that must be respected
within this area.
Other regulatory
tools
All the other types of actions undertaken through regulatory tools (e.g.
density regulations, permitted and forbidden uses related to zoning).
Design-based tools
Definition of specific design solutions to implement either in public
projects or in privately lead urban developments.
Incentive-based tools
Preferential tax
treatment
Definition of a financial incentive in the form of a preferential tax
treatment (usually a reduction in planning fees).
Density bonus
Definition of a non-financial incentive in the form of an increase in the
surface (or volume) that is allowed in the area.
Transfer of
development rights
Definition of a “transfer of development rights” mechanism: the
development right is assigned to an area as a compensation for the
placement of a conservation easement that prevents further
development, and can be applied in other areas or sold. Participation is
on a voluntary basis.
Other incentivebased tools
This category includes all the other types of incentive-based tools, such
as the possibility of realizing specific interventions under certain
conditions.
Land acquisition
programs
Definition of a program for land acquisition by the public
administration, with the aim of realizing a public project.
Other tools
Principles for public
space design
Definition of design principles and guidelines (non-compulsory) that
should be applied in the realization of public spaces.
Principles for
territorial
management
Declaration of principles that the municipal administration will follow
in the management of the territory (e.g. commitment in administrative
processes or in the implementation of future planning documents). It
also includes assessment criteria for proposed interventions, when no
incentive is envisioned.
Promotion of good
practices
Suggestion of principles, good practices, best available techniques, etc.
(non-compulsory) to apply in private areas.
2 Reviewing Ecosystem Services in Urban Plans