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© The Author(s) 2020
M. Gummert et al. (eds.), Sustainable Rice Straw Management,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32373-8_10
Chapter 10
Life Cycle Assessment Applied in Rice
Production and Residue Management
Nguyen Van Hung, Maria Victoria Migo, Reianne Quilloy, Pauline Chivenge,
and Martin Gummert
Abstract Rice production can be carried out using a wide set of cultivation techniques. Different land preparation, crop establishment, crop care, harvesting, and
straw management techniques lead to different environmental impacts. Life-cycle
assessment (LCA) is a reliable tool for assessing the environmental load of agricultural processes and can be used to compute or simulate energy balance and environmental impact categories such as climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial
acidification, freshwater eutrophication, and marine eutrophication. This chapter
comprises the following sections: (1) LCA overview and application in agriculture,
(2) case studies of LCA to identify the best rice straw management practices, and
(3) summary and suggestions for further applications.
Keywords Life cycle assessment · LCA · Impact assessment · Energy balance ·
GHG emissions balance
10.1 Introduction
Crop production (during the crop’s life cycle) is done using a wide set of cultivation
techniques and crop management, harvest, and postharvest procedures. The processes and relevant inputs and outputs, which are part of the life-cycle process, are
shown in Fig. 10.1. Rice production is typically characterized by three major phases:
preplanting, plant growth, and postproduction.
N. V. Hung (*) · R. Quilloy · P. Chivenge · M. Gummert
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
e-mail: hung.nguyen@irri.org; r.quilloy@irri.org; p.chivenge@irri.org; m.gummert@irri.org
M. V. Migo
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering
and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB),
Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
e-mail: mpmigo@up.edu.ph
© The Author(s) 2020
M. Gummert et al. (eds.), Sustainable Rice Straw Management,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32373-8_10
Chapter 10
Life Cycle Assessment Applied in Rice
Production and Residue Management
Nguyen Van Hung, Maria Victoria Migo, Reianne Quilloy, Pauline Chivenge,
and Martin Gummert
Abstract Rice production can be carried out using a wide set of cultivation techniques. Different land preparation, crop establishment, crop care, harvesting, and
straw management techniques lead to different environmental impacts. Life-cycle
assessment (LCA) is a reliable tool for assessing the environmental load of agricultural processes and can be used to compute or simulate energy balance and environmental impact categories such as climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial
acidification, freshwater eutrophication, and marine eutrophication. This chapter
comprises the following sections: (1) LCA overview and application in agriculture,
(2) case studies of LCA to identify the best rice straw management practices, and
(3) summary and suggestions for further applications.
Keywords Life cycle assessment · LCA · Impact assessment · Energy balance ·
GHG emissions balance
10.1 Introduction
Crop production (during the crop’s life cycle) is done using a wide set of cultivation
techniques and crop management, harvest, and postharvest procedures. The processes and relevant inputs and outputs, which are part of the life-cycle process, are
shown in Fig. 10.1. Rice production is typically characterized by three major phases:
preplanting, plant growth, and postproduction.
N. V. Hung (*) · R. Quilloy · P. Chivenge · M. Gummert
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
e-mail: hung.nguyen@irri.org; r.quilloy@irri.org; p.chivenge@irri.org; m.gummert@irri.org
M. V. Migo
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering
and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB),
Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
e-mail: mpmigo@up.edu.ph