intuitive sense in that in order to mainstream CCA programme activities, they ought
to be implemented within an existing local or national framework. However, in
order for the corresponding programme theory to function and exercise its power, it
seems to require a certain contextual condition where government counterparts
understand the need of mainstreaming and a relatively high motivation level is
found amongst government officials. One case (Zimbabwe) is reported to have
designed and implemented a set of mainstreaming activities at central government
level, but due to a lack of motivation of government counterparts, this theory of
change did not see its generative power exercised.
The fourth IO pattern identified is about a high likelihood of generating broader
adoption and replication in the long term. There are several cases identified through
the meta-analysis where the corresponding theory of change did not generate such
positive IO. The contextual conditions that can be extracted from these cases (Egypt
and Mozambique) are that relevant stakeholders, such as government counterparts,
have a strong sense of ownership, adequate resources and capabilities. Through the
analysed cases, rooting of programme activities and intended directions within host
government and agency seems well achieved under such contextual conditions. A
set of identified CMO configurations for sustainability criterion is shown in
Table 13.6.
Table 13.5 Identified CMO configurations for effectiveness criterion
Context
Theory of change
Intermediate
outcome
Outcome/
criterion
Specific types of skills
that they need to acquire
are clear to them
+ Training and transfer
of techniques and
practices for the relevant people facilitate
these skills, techniques
and knowledge to be
applied and used
¼ High level of
adaptive capacity
and utilisation of
adaptive
measures
Effectiveness
Specifically identified
types of participants are
well aware of the climate risks
Relevant ministries and
stakeholders are highly
aware of the climate
risks and the vital
importance of reducing
vulnerability
+ Provision of relevant
technical, policy and
advisory support to
relevant people (from
government staff to
rural farmers) facilitates its integration
with their “businessas-usual” activities
¼ Wide range of
mainstreaming
General citizens are relatively unaware or lack
knowledge of climate
change and associated
risks
+ TV, newspaper and
symposium for wider
publicity attract attention and boost curiosity in citizens about
CCA issues
¼ Raised level of
awareness
amongst the
general public
13 What Do Evaluations Tell Us About Climate Change Adaptation? Meta-analysis. . .
249
to be implemented within an existing local or national framework. However, in
order for the corresponding programme theory to function and exercise its power, it
seems to require a certain contextual condition where government counterparts
understand the need of mainstreaming and a relatively high motivation level is
found amongst government officials. One case (Zimbabwe) is reported to have
designed and implemented a set of mainstreaming activities at central government
level, but due to a lack of motivation of government counterparts, this theory of
change did not see its generative power exercised.
The fourth IO pattern identified is about a high likelihood of generating broader
adoption and replication in the long term. There are several cases identified through
the meta-analysis where the corresponding theory of change did not generate such
positive IO. The contextual conditions that can be extracted from these cases (Egypt
and Mozambique) are that relevant stakeholders, such as government counterparts,
have a strong sense of ownership, adequate resources and capabilities. Through the
analysed cases, rooting of programme activities and intended directions within host
government and agency seems well achieved under such contextual conditions. A
set of identified CMO configurations for sustainability criterion is shown in
Table 13.6.
Table 13.5 Identified CMO configurations for effectiveness criterion
Context
Theory of change
Intermediate
outcome
Outcome/
criterion
Specific types of skills
that they need to acquire
are clear to them
+ Training and transfer
of techniques and
practices for the relevant people facilitate
these skills, techniques
and knowledge to be
applied and used
¼ High level of
adaptive capacity
and utilisation of
adaptive
measures
Effectiveness
Specifically identified
types of participants are
well aware of the climate risks
Relevant ministries and
stakeholders are highly
aware of the climate
risks and the vital
importance of reducing
vulnerability
+ Provision of relevant
technical, policy and
advisory support to
relevant people (from
government staff to
rural farmers) facilitates its integration
with their “businessas-usual” activities
¼ Wide range of
mainstreaming
General citizens are relatively unaware or lack
knowledge of climate
change and associated
risks
+ TV, newspaper and
symposium for wider
publicity attract attention and boost curiosity in citizens about
CCA issues
¼ Raised level of
awareness
amongst the
general public
13 What Do Evaluations Tell Us About Climate Change Adaptation? Meta-analysis. . .
249