13.5.4 Sustainability M-O Sequences
Since the studied evaluation reports were prepared right after the completion of
programme activities, which corresponds to the second challenge discussed by
Valencia (2009), it poses a significant challenge to evaluating the programme’s
long-term sustainability. The meta-analysis nonetheless could identify some of the
pertinent IOs and interventions, even if these were not explicitly identified in the
evaluation reports.
The first IO for sustainability is “sustained built adaptive capacity, and a high
utilization level of introduced adaptive measures.” Here an emphasis should be
placed for sustaining (and not just one-off training of) the adaptive capacity that is
built through programme activities, and a high level of utilization (and not just mere
introduction) of adaptive measures. Hypothesized programme theory to ensuring
them seems that such interventions foster a sense of ownership towards built
capacities and introduced adaptive measures.
Sustained and high level of stakeholder engagement was identified as the second
IO toward sustainability. The CCA programme in the Philippines has made sure
that national and local partners continue similar activities and outputs that have
been introduced by the programme. A hitherto non-existent network of environmental specialists was formed under the programme in Tanzania which since
enabled all partners to work collaboratively.
The third IO identified was that mainstreaming at central policy and planning
level is successful and sustained. The CCA programme of Tanzania has
implemented its activities within the national institutional framework fully aligned
with their national environmental policies. The programme also adopted a crosscutting framework in order to mainstream environment and climate change issues
into plans and policies of multiple sectors in the country. Similarly, in Mozambique, the programme has successfully integrated CCA activities in the country’s
district-level strategic development and socioeconomic plan, the land use plan as
well as integrated waste management plan. A theory of change, which is the
combination of implementation theory and programme theory, can thus be hypothesized that CCA programme activities that are implemented within the local/
national and existing institutional frameworks can foster a sense of ownership
and trigger smooth integration in the target country’s planning and policies.
Fourth, high likelihood of generating broader adoption and replication is considered to be another IO that leads to a high level of sustainability. Introduction of
adaptive measures to the stakeholders and institutions with relevant mandates
seems to have yielded favourable results in achieving this positive IO. The
programme activities in Egypt were well embedded into the work of the Agricultural Research Centre, whose relevant mandate successfully incorporated the new
climate change risk research. A partnering technical university in Turkey is
reported to be continuing to conduct a CCA related certification course which
had been developed as part of the programme. A theory of change corresponding
to this IO generation can be that the introduction of adaptive measures to the
244
T. Miyaguchi and J.I. Uitto
Since the studied evaluation reports were prepared right after the completion of
programme activities, which corresponds to the second challenge discussed by
Valencia (2009), it poses a significant challenge to evaluating the programme’s
long-term sustainability. The meta-analysis nonetheless could identify some of the
pertinent IOs and interventions, even if these were not explicitly identified in the
evaluation reports.
The first IO for sustainability is “sustained built adaptive capacity, and a high
utilization level of introduced adaptive measures.” Here an emphasis should be
placed for sustaining (and not just one-off training of) the adaptive capacity that is
built through programme activities, and a high level of utilization (and not just mere
introduction) of adaptive measures. Hypothesized programme theory to ensuring
them seems that such interventions foster a sense of ownership towards built
capacities and introduced adaptive measures.
Sustained and high level of stakeholder engagement was identified as the second
IO toward sustainability. The CCA programme in the Philippines has made sure
that national and local partners continue similar activities and outputs that have
been introduced by the programme. A hitherto non-existent network of environmental specialists was formed under the programme in Tanzania which since
enabled all partners to work collaboratively.
The third IO identified was that mainstreaming at central policy and planning
level is successful and sustained. The CCA programme of Tanzania has
implemented its activities within the national institutional framework fully aligned
with their national environmental policies. The programme also adopted a crosscutting framework in order to mainstream environment and climate change issues
into plans and policies of multiple sectors in the country. Similarly, in Mozambique, the programme has successfully integrated CCA activities in the country’s
district-level strategic development and socioeconomic plan, the land use plan as
well as integrated waste management plan. A theory of change, which is the
combination of implementation theory and programme theory, can thus be hypothesized that CCA programme activities that are implemented within the local/
national and existing institutional frameworks can foster a sense of ownership
and trigger smooth integration in the target country’s planning and policies.
Fourth, high likelihood of generating broader adoption and replication is considered to be another IO that leads to a high level of sustainability. Introduction of
adaptive measures to the stakeholders and institutions with relevant mandates
seems to have yielded favourable results in achieving this positive IO. The
programme activities in Egypt were well embedded into the work of the Agricultural Research Centre, whose relevant mandate successfully incorporated the new
climate change risk research. A partnering technical university in Turkey is
reported to be continuing to conduct a CCA related certification course which
had been developed as part of the programme. A theory of change corresponding
to this IO generation can be that the introduction of adaptive measures to the
244
T. Miyaguchi and J.I. Uitto