UNFCCC. There are indications that partner countries plan to report their achievement through their Biennial Update Report (BUR) under nationally appropriate
mitigation actions (NAMA) umbrella or national registry system. In this regard, the
way of accounting the JCM credits in these reports without double counting, double
issuance, and double claiming, need to be arranged at the domestic and international level. Countries without an established inventory system may consider
reporting outside the inventory for pre-2020 achievements. For post-2020, an
international accounting rules and infrastructure for Internationally Transferable
Mitigation Outcomes (ITMO) shall be in place.
7.4.2 MRV Methodology and System
As of January 2016, 19 MRV methodologies have been approved under the JCM,
all for countries in Asia and Pacific region. More than 50 % (11 methodologies) are
in the energy efficiency sector, more than 20 % (4 methodologies) in the energy
industry (power generation by waste heat recovery, solar power), energy efficiency
(energy-efficient chillers, refrigerators, LED) and the rest in energy distribution
(improvement of electricity transmission and distribution grid), waste handling and
disposal (anaerobic digestion of market waste for biogas), and transport (digital
tachograph in vehicles). These methodologies are technology-based and applicable
only in the country where they are approved, as shown in methodology ID number
(VN_AM001 means the first approved methodology to be used in Vietnam). There
are three key aspects of a JCM methodology: ensuring net emissions reductions by
conservative determination of reference emissions, eligibility criteria, and simple
monitoring methods.
Net emissions reductions are ensured by conservative measurements of reductions, by assuming the highest amount of emissions possible in the baseline
scenario, to ensure the emissions reductions achieved by the projects are not
overestimated. Baseline, or called “reference emissions” in the JCM, does not
necessarily mean result of ‘before project’ emissions calculation. Instead, the
calculation can be done in two ways.
The first way is to adjust “reference emissions” conservatively. They are set as
high as possible while staying below business-as-usual emission, which represent
plausible emissions in providing the same outputs or service level of the project.
Emission reductions to be credited are defined as the difference between “reference
emissions” and “project emissions”. In this case, the reference emissions are
assumed to be the highest plausible emissions. Most of the approved methodologies
applied this approach.
12 Second way is to adjust “project emissions” conservatively.
The methodology uses predefined default values instead of the actual values
12 IGES JCM Database, January 2016 http://pub.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?
docid¼6185
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A. Amellina
mitigation actions (NAMA) umbrella or national registry system. In this regard, the
way of accounting the JCM credits in these reports without double counting, double
issuance, and double claiming, need to be arranged at the domestic and international level. Countries without an established inventory system may consider
reporting outside the inventory for pre-2020 achievements. For post-2020, an
international accounting rules and infrastructure for Internationally Transferable
Mitigation Outcomes (ITMO) shall be in place.
7.4.2 MRV Methodology and System
As of January 2016, 19 MRV methodologies have been approved under the JCM,
all for countries in Asia and Pacific region. More than 50 % (11 methodologies) are
in the energy efficiency sector, more than 20 % (4 methodologies) in the energy
industry (power generation by waste heat recovery, solar power), energy efficiency
(energy-efficient chillers, refrigerators, LED) and the rest in energy distribution
(improvement of electricity transmission and distribution grid), waste handling and
disposal (anaerobic digestion of market waste for biogas), and transport (digital
tachograph in vehicles). These methodologies are technology-based and applicable
only in the country where they are approved, as shown in methodology ID number
(VN_AM001 means the first approved methodology to be used in Vietnam). There
are three key aspects of a JCM methodology: ensuring net emissions reductions by
conservative determination of reference emissions, eligibility criteria, and simple
monitoring methods.
Net emissions reductions are ensured by conservative measurements of reductions, by assuming the highest amount of emissions possible in the baseline
scenario, to ensure the emissions reductions achieved by the projects are not
overestimated. Baseline, or called “reference emissions” in the JCM, does not
necessarily mean result of ‘before project’ emissions calculation. Instead, the
calculation can be done in two ways.
The first way is to adjust “reference emissions” conservatively. They are set as
high as possible while staying below business-as-usual emission, which represent
plausible emissions in providing the same outputs or service level of the project.
Emission reductions to be credited are defined as the difference between “reference
emissions” and “project emissions”. In this case, the reference emissions are
assumed to be the highest plausible emissions. Most of the approved methodologies
applied this approach.
12 Second way is to adjust “project emissions” conservatively.
The methodology uses predefined default values instead of the actual values
12 IGES JCM Database, January 2016 http://pub.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?
docid¼6185
118
A. Amellina