125
A workshop was held with the research team. Using a consensus process, the
solutions were categorized and a further typology of 25 sub-categories was developed. Solutions for the 88 case studies were categorized according to the following
5 categories: institutional and governance solutions; economic and incentive-based
solutions; social, cultural, and behavioral solutions; knowledge and cognitive solutions; and technological solutions (Table 7.2).
The conventional step 3 filtering process of the solution scan method aims to
determine which solution should be applied in a certain place and context based on
some agreed expert criteria for effectiveness such as budget, feasibility, and time. In
a societal-based solution scanning approach, which solutions to apply in a given
SEPLS should be determined in a place-specific and transdisciplinary manner,
including knowledge from societal actors on the preferred benefits and trade-offs in
the process.
Ecosystems in the case studies were recorded according to the ten classification
types of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (marine, coastal, inland water, forest, dryland, island, mountain, polar, cultivated, urban) (MA 2005). Up to four ecosystems per case study were recorded to capture the mosaic characteristic of
SEPLS.
2
No cases were located in polar and marine ecosystems in the overall set of
88 cases.
In this chapter, the results discussed present those solutions identified at local
scales. These scales are at village, sub-municipality, and local government levels on
social and administrative scales, and water bodies (river, lake) or watershed scales
at ecological scales. They include both solutions already existing and implemented
in the case study areas and those that are proposed as solutions to the given challenge. We examined a sub-set of 52 case studies to answer our question on subregional experiences, the societal actors engaged in navigating solutions and the
ecosystems targeted through local-level solutions.
7.3 Experiences, Actors, and Ecosystems in Navigating
Place-Based Solutions
Solutions at the local scale represent 283 solutions in 52 case studies, or 58% of the
total 485 solutions identified in 88 case studies (Kozar et al. 2019). When comparing the distribution in choice of solutions by solution type between the local scale
and higher scales (other administrative or ecological scales such as national level or
coastline), institutional and governance solution types are selected more often at
higher scales, 34–26% (Table 7.3). Technological solutions are more often selected
at local scales, 21–12%. Solution types are more evenly distributed at local scales,
compared to higher scales where there is a 15% higher rate of selection for institu2 Analysis of findings per ecosystem in this chapter is in regard to the “first” or main ecosystem
representing the case study area.
7 Place-Based Solutions for Conservation and Restoration of Social-Ecological…
A workshop was held with the research team. Using a consensus process, the
solutions were categorized and a further typology of 25 sub-categories was developed. Solutions for the 88 case studies were categorized according to the following
5 categories: institutional and governance solutions; economic and incentive-based
solutions; social, cultural, and behavioral solutions; knowledge and cognitive solutions; and technological solutions (Table 7.2).
The conventional step 3 filtering process of the solution scan method aims to
determine which solution should be applied in a certain place and context based on
some agreed expert criteria for effectiveness such as budget, feasibility, and time. In
a societal-based solution scanning approach, which solutions to apply in a given
SEPLS should be determined in a place-specific and transdisciplinary manner,
including knowledge from societal actors on the preferred benefits and trade-offs in
the process.
Ecosystems in the case studies were recorded according to the ten classification
types of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (marine, coastal, inland water, forest, dryland, island, mountain, polar, cultivated, urban) (MA 2005). Up to four ecosystems per case study were recorded to capture the mosaic characteristic of
SEPLS.
2
No cases were located in polar and marine ecosystems in the overall set of
88 cases.
In this chapter, the results discussed present those solutions identified at local
scales. These scales are at village, sub-municipality, and local government levels on
social and administrative scales, and water bodies (river, lake) or watershed scales
at ecological scales. They include both solutions already existing and implemented
in the case study areas and those that are proposed as solutions to the given challenge. We examined a sub-set of 52 case studies to answer our question on subregional experiences, the societal actors engaged in navigating solutions and the
ecosystems targeted through local-level solutions.
7.3 Experiences, Actors, and Ecosystems in Navigating
Place-Based Solutions
Solutions at the local scale represent 283 solutions in 52 case studies, or 58% of the
total 485 solutions identified in 88 case studies (Kozar et al. 2019). When comparing the distribution in choice of solutions by solution type between the local scale
and higher scales (other administrative or ecological scales such as national level or
coastline), institutional and governance solution types are selected more often at
higher scales, 34–26% (Table 7.3). Technological solutions are more often selected
at local scales, 21–12%. Solution types are more evenly distributed at local scales,
compared to higher scales where there is a 15% higher rate of selection for institu2 Analysis of findings per ecosystem in this chapter is in regard to the “first” or main ecosystem
representing the case study area.
7 Place-Based Solutions for Conservation and Restoration of Social-Ecological…