P 0 is assumed as the shadow price of electricity demand in dynamic power generation planning model that does not consider the nuclear power plants’ shut-down
risk, and price elasticity is assumed as 0.1%. From systemic view, the modelling of
demand saving corresponds to that of resourcefulness.
Csave d;t;y ¼
Z
Save d;t;y
0
P R
ð ÞdR ¼
Z
Save d;t;y
0
P 0 Â
load d;t;y À R
load d;t;y
À
1
b
dR
¼
b
1 À b
 load d;t;y  P 0 Â
load d;t;y À Save d;t;y
load d;t;y
bÀ1
b À1
(
)
b 6 ¼ 1
ð
Þ
ð9Þ
Csave d;t;y ¼
Z
Save d;t;y
0
P R
ð ÞdR ¼
Z
Save d;t;y
0
P 0 Â
load d;t;y À R
load d;t;y
À
1
b
dR
¼ load d;t;y  P 0  log
load d;t;y À Save d;t;y
load d;t;y
b ¼ 1
ð
Þ
ð10Þ
where b: price elasticity, P 0 : reference price, load d;t;y . power demand in day d at
time t and year y (GWh).
2.1.2 Constraints
The dynamic power generation planning model minimizes total expected cost under
various technical constraints employing linear programming technique. The constraints considered in this paper are based on [2], and formulated as follows:
Pr
Dem
Fig. 1 Electricity demand
curve and energy saving
294
H. Matsuzawa et al.