The SCM took time to evolve and meet industrial (and in a way, social) demand.
As we tried to demonstrate here, the essence of its efficiency is cross-disciplinary
background and collaboration. We must now use these assets as a mean to address
extreme situation so one can operate quick, innovative and pragmatic solutions
when unfortunately faced with it.
Acknowledgements My thanks to Professor Reason for his hospitality, on 7 January, 2014, and
to Mr. Wreathall for coming and meeting us at MINES ParisTech Centre of Research on Risk and
Crises, on 10 October, 2014. Their answers provided valuable insight to our work. Great thanks to
Professor Frank Guarnieri for his unconditional support and precious advices. Thank you to
Professor Joonhong Ahn for hosting the International Workshop on Nuclear Safety: From
Accident Mitigation to Resilient Society Facing Extreme Situations, at the University of Berkeley,
California, March 2015.
References
1. F. Guarnieri, S. Travadel, Engineering thinking in emergency situations: A new nuclear safety
concept. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 70(6), 79–86 (2014)
2. J. Larouzee, F. Guarnieri, D. Besnard, Le modèle de l’erreur humaine de James Reason.
Papiers de Recherche du CRC, MINES ParisTech, 44 pp. (2014)
3. J. Reason, Human Error (Cambridge University Press, 1990)
4. J. Reason, Generic error-modelling system (GEMS): a cognitive framework for locating
common human error forms. New Technol. Hum. Error 63 (1987)
5. J. Rasmussen, Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other
distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC-13(3)
(1983)
6. J. Reason, Resident pathogens and risk management. W.B. Workshop Safety Control and
Risk Management (1988)
7. INSAG, Defense in depth in Nuclear Safety. International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group
Report (INSAG) IAEA (1996)
8. J. Reason, Human error: models and management. BMJ 320(7237), 768–770 (2000)
9. J. Reason, E. Hollnagel, J. Paries, Revisiting the “Swiss Cheese” Model of accidents. ECC
No. 13/06 (2006)
10. J. Larouzee, F. Guarnieri, Fond bibliographique Sir James Reason – une vie dans l’erreur.
Papiers de Recherche du CRC, MINES ParisTech, 12 pp. (2015)
11. J. Larouzee, F. Guarnieri, Huit idées reçues sur le(s) modèle(s) de l’erreur humaine de
Reason. Revue d’Electricité et d’Electronique (2014)
266
J. Larouzée
As we tried to demonstrate here, the essence of its efficiency is cross-disciplinary
background and collaboration. We must now use these assets as a mean to address
extreme situation so one can operate quick, innovative and pragmatic solutions
when unfortunately faced with it.
Acknowledgements My thanks to Professor Reason for his hospitality, on 7 January, 2014, and
to Mr. Wreathall for coming and meeting us at MINES ParisTech Centre of Research on Risk and
Crises, on 10 October, 2014. Their answers provided valuable insight to our work. Great thanks to
Professor Frank Guarnieri for his unconditional support and precious advices. Thank you to
Professor Joonhong Ahn for hosting the International Workshop on Nuclear Safety: From
Accident Mitigation to Resilient Society Facing Extreme Situations, at the University of Berkeley,
California, March 2015.
References
1. F. Guarnieri, S. Travadel, Engineering thinking in emergency situations: A new nuclear safety
concept. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists 70(6), 79–86 (2014)
2. J. Larouzee, F. Guarnieri, D. Besnard, Le modèle de l’erreur humaine de James Reason.
Papiers de Recherche du CRC, MINES ParisTech, 44 pp. (2014)
3. J. Reason, Human Error (Cambridge University Press, 1990)
4. J. Reason, Generic error-modelling system (GEMS): a cognitive framework for locating
common human error forms. New Technol. Hum. Error 63 (1987)
5. J. Rasmussen, Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other
distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC-13(3)
(1983)
6. J. Reason, Resident pathogens and risk management. W.B. Workshop Safety Control and
Risk Management (1988)
7. INSAG, Defense in depth in Nuclear Safety. International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group
Report (INSAG) IAEA (1996)
8. J. Reason, Human error: models and management. BMJ 320(7237), 768–770 (2000)
9. J. Reason, E. Hollnagel, J. Paries, Revisiting the “Swiss Cheese” Model of accidents. ECC
No. 13/06 (2006)
10. J. Larouzee, F. Guarnieri, Fond bibliographique Sir James Reason – une vie dans l’erreur.
Papiers de Recherche du CRC, MINES ParisTech, 12 pp. (2015)
11. J. Larouzee, F. Guarnieri, Huit idées reçues sur le(s) modèle(s) de l’erreur humaine de
Reason. Revue d’Electricité et d’Electronique (2014)
266
J. Larouzée