Bennett AF, Radford JQ, Haslem A (2006) Properties of land mosaics: Implications for nature
conservation in agricultural environments. Biol Conserv 133:250–264
Bigler C, Kulakowski D, Veblen TV (2005) Multiple disturbance interactions and drought
influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Ecology 86:3018–3029
Bigler C, Bräker OU, Bugmann H et al (2006) Drought as an inciting mortality factor in Scots pine
stands of the Valais, Switzerland. Ecosystems 9:330–343
Braid ACR, Nielsen SE (2015) Prioritizing sites for protection and restoration for grizzly bears
(Ursus arctos) in southwestern Alberta, Canada. PLoS ONE 10:1–16
Brandt JS, Haynes MA, Kuemmerle T et al (2013) Regime shift on the roof of the world: alpine
meadows converting to shrublands in the southern Himalayas. Biol Conserv 158:116–127
Camarero JJ (2017a) The multiple factors explaining decline in mountain forests: historical
logging and warming-related drought stress cause silver fir dieback in the Aragón Pyrenees. In:
Catalan J, Ninot JM, Aniz MM (eds) Challenges for high mountain conservation in a changing
world. Springer, pp 131–154
Camarero L (2017b) Atmospheric chemical loadings in the high mountain: current forcing and
legacy pollution. In: Catalan J, Ninot JM, Aniz MM (eds) Challenges for high mountain
conservation in a changing world. Springer, pp 325–341
Camarero JJ, Bigler C, Linares JC et al (2011) Synergistic effects of past historical logging and
drought on the decline of Pyrenean silver fir forests. For Ecol Manag 262:759–769
Chapin FS III, Carpenter SR, Kofinas GP et al (2010) Ecosystem stewardship: sustainability
strategies for a rapidly changing planet. Trends Ecol Evol 25:241–249
Colombaroli D, Henne PD, Kaltenrieder P et al (2010) Species responses to fire, climate and
human impact at tree line in the Alps as evidenced by palaeo-environmental records and a
dynamic simulation model. J Ecol 98:1346–1357
Coop JD, Massatti RT, Schoettle AW (2010) Subalpine vegetation pattern three decades after
stand-replacing fire: effects of landscape context and topography on plant community
composition, tree regeneration, and diversity. J Veg Sci 21:472–487
Dirnböck T, Essl F, Rabitsch W (2011) Disproportional risk for habitat loss of high-altitude
endemic species under climate change. Glob Change Biol 17:990–996
Dobbertin M, Wermelinger B, Bigler C et al (2007) Linking increasing drought stress to Scots pine
mortality and bark beetle infestations. Sci World J 7:231–239
Donovan GH, Brown TC (2007) Be careful what you wish: the legacy of Smokey Bear. Front Ecol
Environ 5:73–79
Driscoll DA, Bode M, Bradstock RA et al (2016) Resolving future fire management conflicts using
multicriteria decision making. Conserv Biol 30:196–205
Easterling DR, Meehl GA, Parmesan C et al (2000) Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and
impacts. Science 289:2068–2074
Engler R, Randin C, Thuiller W et al (2011) 21st century climate change threatens mountain flora
unequally across Europe. Glob Chang Biol 17:2330–2341
Flather CH, Wilson KR, Dean DJ et al (1997) Identifying gaps in conservation networks: of
indicators and uncertainty in geographic-based analyses. Ecol Appl 7:531–542
Formica A, Farrer EC, Ashton IW et al (2014) Shrub expansion over the past 62 years in Rocky
Mountain alpine tundra: possible causes and consequences. Arctic Antarct Alp Res 46:
616–631
Galiano L, Martínez-Vilalta J Lloret F (2010) Drought-induced multifactor decline of Scots pine in
the Pyrenees and potential vegetation change by the expansion of co-occurring oak species.
Ecosystems 13:978–991
Garcia-Pausas J, Romanyà J, Montané F, Rios AI, Taull M, Rovira P, Casals P (2017) Are soil
carbon stocks in mountain grasslands compromised by land use changes? In: Catalan J,
Ninot JM, Aniz MM (eds) Challenges for high mountain conservation in a changing world.
Springer, pp 207–230
Gassiot Ballbè E, Mazzucco N, Clemente Conte I, Rodríguez Antón D, Obea Gómez L, Quesada
Carrasco M, Díaz Bonilla S (2017) The beginning of high mountain occupations in
the Pyrenees. Human settlements and mobility from 18,000 cal BC to 2000 cal BC.
56
F. Lloret
conservation in agricultural environments. Biol Conserv 133:250–264
Bigler C, Kulakowski D, Veblen TV (2005) Multiple disturbance interactions and drought
influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Ecology 86:3018–3029
Bigler C, Bräker OU, Bugmann H et al (2006) Drought as an inciting mortality factor in Scots pine
stands of the Valais, Switzerland. Ecosystems 9:330–343
Braid ACR, Nielsen SE (2015) Prioritizing sites for protection and restoration for grizzly bears
(Ursus arctos) in southwestern Alberta, Canada. PLoS ONE 10:1–16
Brandt JS, Haynes MA, Kuemmerle T et al (2013) Regime shift on the roof of the world: alpine
meadows converting to shrublands in the southern Himalayas. Biol Conserv 158:116–127
Camarero JJ (2017a) The multiple factors explaining decline in mountain forests: historical
logging and warming-related drought stress cause silver fir dieback in the Aragón Pyrenees. In:
Catalan J, Ninot JM, Aniz MM (eds) Challenges for high mountain conservation in a changing
world. Springer, pp 131–154
Camarero L (2017b) Atmospheric chemical loadings in the high mountain: current forcing and
legacy pollution. In: Catalan J, Ninot JM, Aniz MM (eds) Challenges for high mountain
conservation in a changing world. Springer, pp 325–341
Camarero JJ, Bigler C, Linares JC et al (2011) Synergistic effects of past historical logging and
drought on the decline of Pyrenean silver fir forests. For Ecol Manag 262:759–769
Chapin FS III, Carpenter SR, Kofinas GP et al (2010) Ecosystem stewardship: sustainability
strategies for a rapidly changing planet. Trends Ecol Evol 25:241–249
Colombaroli D, Henne PD, Kaltenrieder P et al (2010) Species responses to fire, climate and
human impact at tree line in the Alps as evidenced by palaeo-environmental records and a
dynamic simulation model. J Ecol 98:1346–1357
Coop JD, Massatti RT, Schoettle AW (2010) Subalpine vegetation pattern three decades after
stand-replacing fire: effects of landscape context and topography on plant community
composition, tree regeneration, and diversity. J Veg Sci 21:472–487
Dirnböck T, Essl F, Rabitsch W (2011) Disproportional risk for habitat loss of high-altitude
endemic species under climate change. Glob Change Biol 17:990–996
Dobbertin M, Wermelinger B, Bigler C et al (2007) Linking increasing drought stress to Scots pine
mortality and bark beetle infestations. Sci World J 7:231–239
Donovan GH, Brown TC (2007) Be careful what you wish: the legacy of Smokey Bear. Front Ecol
Environ 5:73–79
Driscoll DA, Bode M, Bradstock RA et al (2016) Resolving future fire management conflicts using
multicriteria decision making. Conserv Biol 30:196–205
Easterling DR, Meehl GA, Parmesan C et al (2000) Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and
impacts. Science 289:2068–2074
Engler R, Randin C, Thuiller W et al (2011) 21st century climate change threatens mountain flora
unequally across Europe. Glob Chang Biol 17:2330–2341
Flather CH, Wilson KR, Dean DJ et al (1997) Identifying gaps in conservation networks: of
indicators and uncertainty in geographic-based analyses. Ecol Appl 7:531–542
Formica A, Farrer EC, Ashton IW et al (2014) Shrub expansion over the past 62 years in Rocky
Mountain alpine tundra: possible causes and consequences. Arctic Antarct Alp Res 46:
616–631
Galiano L, Martínez-Vilalta J Lloret F (2010) Drought-induced multifactor decline of Scots pine in
the Pyrenees and potential vegetation change by the expansion of co-occurring oak species.
Ecosystems 13:978–991
Garcia-Pausas J, Romanyà J, Montané F, Rios AI, Taull M, Rovira P, Casals P (2017) Are soil
carbon stocks in mountain grasslands compromised by land use changes? In: Catalan J,
Ninot JM, Aniz MM (eds) Challenges for high mountain conservation in a changing world.
Springer, pp 207–230
Gassiot Ballbè E, Mazzucco N, Clemente Conte I, Rodríguez Antón D, Obea Gómez L, Quesada
Carrasco M, Díaz Bonilla S (2017) The beginning of high mountain occupations in
the Pyrenees. Human settlements and mobility from 18,000 cal BC to 2000 cal BC.
56
F. Lloret