Ninot JM, Aniz MM (eds) Challenges for high mountain conservation in a changing world.
Springer, pp 75–105
Gehrig-Fasel J, Guisan A, Zimmermann NE (2007) Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps: climate
change or land abandonment? J Veg Sci 18:571–582
Georgaidis NJ, Ruess RW, McNaughtib SJ (1989) Ecological conditions that determine when
grazing stimulates grass production. Oecologia 96:157–161
Gordon H, Haygarth PM, Bardgett RD (2008) Drying and rewetting effects on soil microbial
community composition and nutrient leaching. Soil Biol Biochem 40:302–311
Grayston SJ, Campbell CD, Bardgett RD, Mawdsley JL, Clegg CD, Ritz K, Griffiths BS,
Rodwell JS, Edwards SJ, Davies WJ, Elston DJ, Millard P (2004) Assessing shifts in microbial
community structure across a range of grasslands of differing management intensity using
CLPP, PLFA and community DNA techniques. Appl Soil Ecol 25:63–84
Guo LBB, Wang MB, Gifford RM (2007) The change of soil carbon stocks and fine root dynamics
after land use change from native pasture to a pine plantation. Plant Soil 299:251–262
Güsewell S, Jewell PL, Edwards PJ (2005) Effects of heterogeneous habitat use by cattle on nutrient
availability and litter decomposition in soils of an Alpine pasture. Plant Soil 268:135–149
Hamilton EW III, Frank DA (2001) Can plants stimulate soil microbes and their own nutrient
supply? Evidence from a grazing tolerant grass. Ecology 82:2397–2402
Herrmann A, Witter E (2002) Sources of C and N contributing to the flush in mineralization upon
freeze-thaw cycles in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 34:1495–1505
Hopkins A, Holz B (2006) Grassland for agriculture and nature conservation: production, quality
and multi-functionality. Agron Res 4:3–20
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015
international soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps.
World Soil Resources Reports No 106. FAO, Rome
Jobbágy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to
climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10:423–436
Johnson LC, Matchett JR (2001) Fire and grazing regulate belowground processes in tallgrass
prairie. Ecology 82:3377–3389
Kalbitz K, Kaiser K (2008) Contribution of dissolved organic matter to carbon storage in forest
mineral soils. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 171:52–60
Kirschbaum MUF (2000) Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative
feedback on global warming? Biogeochemistry 48:21–51
Klumpp K, Fontaine S, Attard E, Le Roux X, Gleixner G, Soussana JF (2009) Grazing triggers soil
carbon loss by altering plant roots and their control on soil microbial community. J Ecol
97:876–885
Kopáček J, Kaňa J, Šantrůčková H (2006) Pools and composition of soils in the alpine zone of the
Tatra Mountains. Biologia, Bratislava 61(Suppl 18):S35–S49
Körner C (2003) Alpine plant life. Functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems, 2nd
edn. Springer
Kreyling J, Baierkuhnlein C, Pritsch K, Schloter M, Jentsch A (2008) Recurrent soil freeze-thaw
cycles enhance grassland productivity. New Phytol 177:938–945
Kuzyakov Y, Friedel JK, Stahr K (2000) Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming
effects. Soil Biol Biochem 32:1485–1498
Lal R (2008) Carbon sequestration. Philos T R Soc B 363:815–830
Lanta V, Doležal J, Lantová P, Kelíšek J, Mudrák O (2009) Effects of pasture management and
fertilizer regimes on botanical changes in species-rich mountain calcareous grassland in Central
Europe. Grass Forage Sci 64:443–453
Leifeld J, Zimmermann M, Fuhrer J, Conen F (2009) Storage and turnover of carbon in grassland
soils along an elevation gradient in the Swiss Alps. Glob Change Biol 15:668–679
Leifeld J, Meyer S, Budge K, Sebastià MT, Zimmermann M, Fuhrer J (2015) Turnover of
grassland roots in mountain ecosystems revealed by their radiocarbon signature: role of
temperature and management. PLoS ONE 10(3):e0119184. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119184
9 Are Soil Carbon Stocks in Mountain Grasslands …
227
Springer, pp 75–105
Gehrig-Fasel J, Guisan A, Zimmermann NE (2007) Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps: climate
change or land abandonment? J Veg Sci 18:571–582
Georgaidis NJ, Ruess RW, McNaughtib SJ (1989) Ecological conditions that determine when
grazing stimulates grass production. Oecologia 96:157–161
Gordon H, Haygarth PM, Bardgett RD (2008) Drying and rewetting effects on soil microbial
community composition and nutrient leaching. Soil Biol Biochem 40:302–311
Grayston SJ, Campbell CD, Bardgett RD, Mawdsley JL, Clegg CD, Ritz K, Griffiths BS,
Rodwell JS, Edwards SJ, Davies WJ, Elston DJ, Millard P (2004) Assessing shifts in microbial
community structure across a range of grasslands of differing management intensity using
CLPP, PLFA and community DNA techniques. Appl Soil Ecol 25:63–84
Guo LBB, Wang MB, Gifford RM (2007) The change of soil carbon stocks and fine root dynamics
after land use change from native pasture to a pine plantation. Plant Soil 299:251–262
Güsewell S, Jewell PL, Edwards PJ (2005) Effects of heterogeneous habitat use by cattle on nutrient
availability and litter decomposition in soils of an Alpine pasture. Plant Soil 268:135–149
Hamilton EW III, Frank DA (2001) Can plants stimulate soil microbes and their own nutrient
supply? Evidence from a grazing tolerant grass. Ecology 82:2397–2402
Herrmann A, Witter E (2002) Sources of C and N contributing to the flush in mineralization upon
freeze-thaw cycles in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 34:1495–1505
Hopkins A, Holz B (2006) Grassland for agriculture and nature conservation: production, quality
and multi-functionality. Agron Res 4:3–20
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015
international soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps.
World Soil Resources Reports No 106. FAO, Rome
Jobbágy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to
climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10:423–436
Johnson LC, Matchett JR (2001) Fire and grazing regulate belowground processes in tallgrass
prairie. Ecology 82:3377–3389
Kalbitz K, Kaiser K (2008) Contribution of dissolved organic matter to carbon storage in forest
mineral soils. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 171:52–60
Kirschbaum MUF (2000) Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative
feedback on global warming? Biogeochemistry 48:21–51
Klumpp K, Fontaine S, Attard E, Le Roux X, Gleixner G, Soussana JF (2009) Grazing triggers soil
carbon loss by altering plant roots and their control on soil microbial community. J Ecol
97:876–885
Kopáček J, Kaňa J, Šantrůčková H (2006) Pools and composition of soils in the alpine zone of the
Tatra Mountains. Biologia, Bratislava 61(Suppl 18):S35–S49
Körner C (2003) Alpine plant life. Functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems, 2nd
edn. Springer
Kreyling J, Baierkuhnlein C, Pritsch K, Schloter M, Jentsch A (2008) Recurrent soil freeze-thaw
cycles enhance grassland productivity. New Phytol 177:938–945
Kuzyakov Y, Friedel JK, Stahr K (2000) Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming
effects. Soil Biol Biochem 32:1485–1498
Lal R (2008) Carbon sequestration. Philos T R Soc B 363:815–830
Lanta V, Doležal J, Lantová P, Kelíšek J, Mudrák O (2009) Effects of pasture management and
fertilizer regimes on botanical changes in species-rich mountain calcareous grassland in Central
Europe. Grass Forage Sci 64:443–453
Leifeld J, Zimmermann M, Fuhrer J, Conen F (2009) Storage and turnover of carbon in grassland
soils along an elevation gradient in the Swiss Alps. Glob Change Biol 15:668–679
Leifeld J, Meyer S, Budge K, Sebastià MT, Zimmermann M, Fuhrer J (2015) Turnover of
grassland roots in mountain ecosystems revealed by their radiocarbon signature: role of
temperature and management. PLoS ONE 10(3):e0119184. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119184
9 Are Soil Carbon Stocks in Mountain Grasslands …
227