1 X-Ray Sources at Large-Scale Facilities
35
On the other hand, some experimental techniques first developed at XFELs, in particular serial femtosecond crystallography, are now being adopted and adapted for
synchrotron light. XFELs should thus not be considered as superior alternatives to
synchrotrons, but more as complementary facilities.
Many experimental disciplines, particularly in the fields fs-time resolved studies
and nonlinear light-matter interactions, have emerged using XFELs and are still
rapidly evolving; this is the reason, in fact, why XFELs were developed in the first
place. It will be intriguing to see how these develop and expand in the forthcoming
years and decades. The future of photon science indeed looks bright!
1.6 Summary
This chapter has introduced the reader to the basic physics of radiation produced
by accelerated electrons and the recent advances in machine technologies which
have resulted in the development of DLSRs and XFELs. The number of dedicated
X-ray sources has burgeoned over the last three decades and has opened the field of
synchrotron science, transforming it into a multidisciplinary enterprise, nowadays
attracting some hundred thousand scientists across the broadest spectrum of the
natural sciences.
References
1. E. Dagotto, Complexity in strongly correlated electronic systems. Science 309, 257 (2005).
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1107559
2. A. Ohtomo, H.Y. Hwang, A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 heterointerface. Nature 427, 423 (2004). [Corrigendum: Nature 441, 120 (2006).] https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature02308 [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04773]
3. P.R. Willmott, An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation: Techniques and Applications,
2nd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119280453
4. R. Chasman, G.K. Green, E.M. Rowe, Preliminary design of a dedicated synchrotron radiation
facility. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 22, 1765 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.1975.4327987
5. A. Wolski, Low-emittance storage rings, in CERN Accelerator School Series – Advanced
Accelerator Physics Course, Trondheim 2013, ed. by W. Herr (CERN, Geneva, 2014), p. 245.
https://doi.org/10.5170/CERN-2014-009.245
6. K. Halbach, Physical and optical properties of rare earth cobalt magnets. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 187, 109 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90477-8
7. K. Halbach, J. Chin, E. Hoyer, H. Winick, R. Cronin, J. Yang, Y. Zambre, A permanent magnet
undulator for SPEAR. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 28, 3136 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.
1981.4332031
8. P.R. Willmott, D. Meister, S.J. Leake, M. Lange, A. Bergamaschi, M. Böge, M. Calvi, C.
Cancellieri, N. Casati, A. Cervellino, Q. Chen, C. David, U. Flechsig, F. Gozzo, B. Henrich, S.
Jäggi-Spielmann, B. Jakob, I. Kalichava, P. Karvinen, J. Krempasky, A. Lüdeke, R. Luscher, S.
Maag, C. Quitmann, M.L. Reinle-Schmitt, T. Schmidt, B. Schmitt, A. Streun, I. Vartiainen, M.
Vitins, X. Wang, R. Wullschleger, The materials science beamline upgrade at the swiss light
source. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 20, 667 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049513018475
35
On the other hand, some experimental techniques first developed at XFELs, in particular serial femtosecond crystallography, are now being adopted and adapted for
synchrotron light. XFELs should thus not be considered as superior alternatives to
synchrotrons, but more as complementary facilities.
Many experimental disciplines, particularly in the fields fs-time resolved studies
and nonlinear light-matter interactions, have emerged using XFELs and are still
rapidly evolving; this is the reason, in fact, why XFELs were developed in the first
place. It will be intriguing to see how these develop and expand in the forthcoming
years and decades. The future of photon science indeed looks bright!
1.6 Summary
This chapter has introduced the reader to the basic physics of radiation produced
by accelerated electrons and the recent advances in machine technologies which
have resulted in the development of DLSRs and XFELs. The number of dedicated
X-ray sources has burgeoned over the last three decades and has opened the field of
synchrotron science, transforming it into a multidisciplinary enterprise, nowadays
attracting some hundred thousand scientists across the broadest spectrum of the
natural sciences.
References
1. E. Dagotto, Complexity in strongly correlated electronic systems. Science 309, 257 (2005).
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1107559
2. A. Ohtomo, H.Y. Hwang, A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 heterointerface. Nature 427, 423 (2004). [Corrigendum: Nature 441, 120 (2006).] https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature02308 [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04773]
3. P.R. Willmott, An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation: Techniques and Applications,
2nd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119280453
4. R. Chasman, G.K. Green, E.M. Rowe, Preliminary design of a dedicated synchrotron radiation
facility. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 22, 1765 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.1975.4327987
5. A. Wolski, Low-emittance storage rings, in CERN Accelerator School Series – Advanced
Accelerator Physics Course, Trondheim 2013, ed. by W. Herr (CERN, Geneva, 2014), p. 245.
https://doi.org/10.5170/CERN-2014-009.245
6. K. Halbach, Physical and optical properties of rare earth cobalt magnets. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 187, 109 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90477-8
7. K. Halbach, J. Chin, E. Hoyer, H. Winick, R. Cronin, J. Yang, Y. Zambre, A permanent magnet
undulator for SPEAR. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 28, 3136 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.
1981.4332031
8. P.R. Willmott, D. Meister, S.J. Leake, M. Lange, A. Bergamaschi, M. Böge, M. Calvi, C.
Cancellieri, N. Casati, A. Cervellino, Q. Chen, C. David, U. Flechsig, F. Gozzo, B. Henrich, S.
Jäggi-Spielmann, B. Jakob, I. Kalichava, P. Karvinen, J. Krempasky, A. Lüdeke, R. Luscher, S.
Maag, C. Quitmann, M.L. Reinle-Schmitt, T. Schmidt, B. Schmitt, A. Streun, I. Vartiainen, M.
Vitins, X. Wang, R. Wullschleger, The materials science beamline upgrade at the swiss light
source. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 20, 667 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049513018475