388
Table 17.1 (continued)
Reference
Study design Population
Intervention
Outcome
King et al.
(2015)
Denver, CO,
USA
Quasiexperiment:
pre-post
design
Residents of
transitional
housing
(homeless and
refugees)
Transformation of 2-acres of undeveloped green space into a
recreational park and community garden
The new park had clearly defined recreational spaces including
a multi-purpose playing field; playground equipment;
basketball court; benches, a large community garden; a walking
path alongside a creek
+ve: Sig. increase in total number
of people observed using the park
post-intervention (p = 0.004);
Increase in proportion of users
engaging in moderate (p = 0.007)
or vigorous PA (p = 0.04).
Post-intervention average monthly
visitors sig. increased (p = 0.002)
Cranney et al.
(2016)
Sydney,
Australia
Quasiexperiment:
pre-post time
series design
Beachside suburb
comprising
relatively high
socioeconomic
status
neighborhoods
Outdoor gym installed (60,000 Aus $), targeted marketing and
promotional strategies to engage older adults and hosting
exercise sessions by a professional
Park is 16.08 ha, picnic shelters, barbecues, drinking fountains,
toilets and change facilities, a skate park and children’s
playground
+ve: Small but sig. increase in
senior park users engaging in
MVPA at follow-up (1.6 to 5.1%;
p < 0.001);
sig. increases from
baseline to follow-up in the outdoor
gym area for MVPA (6–40%;
p < 0.001);
and seniors’ use
(1.4–6%; p < 0.001)
Slater et al.
(2016)
Chicago, IL,
USA
Quasiexperimental:
prospective,
controlled,
longitudinal
design
Predominantly
African American
and Latino
neighborhoods
Park renovations and community engagement (39 intervention
parks)
Renovations involved replacing old playground equipment and
ground surfacing
Mean park size 3.86 sq. acres (range 0.09–40.48)
+ve: Sig. increases between
baseline and 12-month follow-up
for park utilizization and the
number of people engaged in
MVPA; increase in park utilization
over time in intervention parks
compared with control
MVPA
Moderate-vigorous physical activity, PA
physical activity, RCT
Randomized Control Trial, US
United States, +ve positive intervention effect,
−ve no
intervention effect
R. F. Hunter et al.
Table 17.1 (continued)
Reference
Study design Population
Intervention
Outcome
King et al.
(2015)
Denver, CO,
USA
Quasiexperiment:
pre-post
design
Residents of
transitional
housing
(homeless and
refugees)
Transformation of 2-acres of undeveloped green space into a
recreational park and community garden
The new park had clearly defined recreational spaces including
a multi-purpose playing field; playground equipment;
basketball court; benches, a large community garden; a walking
path alongside a creek
+ve: Sig. increase in total number
of people observed using the park
post-intervention (p = 0.004);
Increase in proportion of users
engaging in moderate (p = 0.007)
or vigorous PA (p = 0.04).
Post-intervention average monthly
visitors sig. increased (p = 0.002)
Cranney et al.
(2016)
Sydney,
Australia
Quasiexperiment:
pre-post time
series design
Beachside suburb
comprising
relatively high
socioeconomic
status
neighborhoods
Outdoor gym installed (60,000 Aus $), targeted marketing and
promotional strategies to engage older adults and hosting
exercise sessions by a professional
Park is 16.08 ha, picnic shelters, barbecues, drinking fountains,
toilets and change facilities, a skate park and children’s
playground
+ve: Small but sig. increase in
senior park users engaging in
MVPA at follow-up (1.6 to 5.1%;
p < 0.001);
sig. increases from
baseline to follow-up in the outdoor
gym area for MVPA (6–40%;
p < 0.001);
and seniors’ use
(1.4–6%; p < 0.001)
Slater et al.
(2016)
Chicago, IL,
USA
Quasiexperimental:
prospective,
controlled,
longitudinal
design
Predominantly
African American
and Latino
neighborhoods
Park renovations and community engagement (39 intervention
parks)
Renovations involved replacing old playground equipment and
ground surfacing
Mean park size 3.86 sq. acres (range 0.09–40.48)
+ve: Sig. increases between
baseline and 12-month follow-up
for park utilizization and the
number of people engaged in
MVPA; increase in park utilization
over time in intervention parks
compared with control
MVPA
Moderate-vigorous physical activity, PA
physical activity, RCT
Randomized Control Trial, US
United States, +ve positive intervention effect,
−ve no
intervention effect
R. F. Hunter et al.