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5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Urban Green Space and Health Outcomes in Relation
to Socio-demographic and Socio-economic Confounders
This study presents the results of a systematic quantitative review that focuses on
the association between green spaces and health outcomes with a particular focus
on potential socio-economic and socio-demographic confounding factors. Based on
the results of this review, it can be concluded that there is a positive association
between urban green space and health outcome variables related to, for example,
mental health, birth outcome, general health, overweight and other factors. The
most consistent results were identified for the association between urban green
space and mental health, in particular for children and adolescents. In a detailed
review on the benefits of nature contact for children, Chawla (2015) impressively
showed the protective effect of nature for psychological well-being irrespective of
the method of measurement.
Fig. 5.4 The relationships between urban green space, and health outcomes and confounders, as
treated in existing reviews. The strength of the evidence is indicated behind each health outcome:
+ significant association with evidence, − no signification association found; +/− weak evidence
and no consistent results
5 The Influence of Socio-economic and Socio-demographic Factors in the Association…
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Urban Green Space and Health Outcomes in Relation
to Socio-demographic and Socio-economic Confounders
This study presents the results of a systematic quantitative review that focuses on
the association between green spaces and health outcomes with a particular focus
on potential socio-economic and socio-demographic confounding factors. Based on
the results of this review, it can be concluded that there is a positive association
between urban green space and health outcome variables related to, for example,
mental health, birth outcome, general health, overweight and other factors. The
most consistent results were identified for the association between urban green
space and mental health, in particular for children and adolescents. In a detailed
review on the benefits of nature contact for children, Chawla (2015) impressively
showed the protective effect of nature for psychological well-being irrespective of
the method of measurement.
Fig. 5.4 The relationships between urban green space, and health outcomes and confounders, as
treated in existing reviews. The strength of the evidence is indicated behind each health outcome:
+ significant association with evidence, − no signification association found; +/− weak evidence
and no consistent results
5 The Influence of Socio-economic and Socio-demographic Factors in the Association…