574
Y. Luo et al.
3. According to k-means clustering analysis, AE signals of cathode carbon blocks
can be divided into four types under uniaxial compression loads. Combined with
the parameter characteristics, waveform characteristics and time distribution of
the four types of signals, it is concluded that the class A signals correspond to the
sudden tensile failure caused by the interaction of macro crack and the friction
between aggregate particles in post-peaking stage. Class B signals are considered
as the noise generated by the friction between the testing machine and the end face
of the cathode carbon block. Class C signals refer to the shear slip cracking before
the macro fracture as well as the crack propagation and penetrating large-scale
shear failure at the peak stress that affects the overall stability of the cathode
carbon block. Class D signals are considered as the signals generated by the
fracture of the connection between aggregate particles and the compaction of
pores between aggregate particles during the early stage of loading.
References
1. Q.S. Liu,W.H. Liu, Acoustic emission characteristics and failure modes of cathode carbon
blocks under uniaxial compression for aluminum electrolysis. Light Met. 2, 23–27 (2014) (in
Chinese)
2. Q.S. Liu,H.F. Liu, Mechanical properties of carbon cathodes during aluminium electrolysis.
Adv. Mater. Res. 399–401:2155–2159 (2012)
3. J. Xu, Z. Fu, Q. Han, G. Lacidogna, A. Carpinteri, Micro-cracking monitoring and fracture
evaluation for crumb rubber concrete based on acoustic emission techniques. Struct. Health
Monit. 7. 147592171773053 (2017)
4. S. Yuyama, Z.W. Li, Y. Ito et al., Quantitative analysis of fracture process in RC column
foundation by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission. Constr. Build. Mater. 13(1–2),
87–97 (1999)
5. D.G. Aggelis, A.C. Mpalaskas, T.E. Matikas, Investigation of different fracture modes in
cement-based materials by acoustic emission. Cem. Concr. Res. 48(2), 1–8 (2013)
6. D.G. Aggelis, T.E. Matikas, Effect of plate wave dispersion on the acoustic emission parameters
in metals. Comput. Struct. 98–99(5):17–22 (2012)
7. T. Shiotani, M. Ohtsu, K. Ikeda, Detection and evaluation of AE waves due to rock deformation.
Constr. Build. Mater. 15(5–6), 235–246 (2001)
8. D. Soulioti, N.M. Barkoula, A. Paipetis et al., Acoustic emission behavior of steel fibre
reinforced concrete under bending. Constr. Build. Mater. 23(12), 3532–3536 (2009)
9. D.G. Aggelis, A.C. Mpalaskas, D. Ntalakas et al., Effect of wave distortion on acoustic emission
characterization of cementitious materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 35, 183–190 (2012)
10. G. Villalobos, Acoustic emission signals resulting from the drying induced fractures of
Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo: evidence of scale free phenomena. Wood Sci. Technol.
(2016)
11. I. Ioka, S. Yoda, et al., Behavior of acoustic emission caused by microfracture in polycrystalline
graphites. Carbon 28, 879–885 (1990)
12. N. Ekinaga, K. Tamagawa, H. Takahashi, Acoustic emission characteristics and fracture
toughness of artificial graphite electrodes. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 7, 49–54 (1991)
13. G. Yonga, X. Denghong et al., Identification of damage mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced
silicon carbide composites under static loading using acoustic emission monitoring. Ceram.
Int. 45, 13847–13858 (2019)
Y. Luo et al.
3. According to k-means clustering analysis, AE signals of cathode carbon blocks
can be divided into four types under uniaxial compression loads. Combined with
the parameter characteristics, waveform characteristics and time distribution of
the four types of signals, it is concluded that the class A signals correspond to the
sudden tensile failure caused by the interaction of macro crack and the friction
between aggregate particles in post-peaking stage. Class B signals are considered
as the noise generated by the friction between the testing machine and the end face
of the cathode carbon block. Class C signals refer to the shear slip cracking before
the macro fracture as well as the crack propagation and penetrating large-scale
shear failure at the peak stress that affects the overall stability of the cathode
carbon block. Class D signals are considered as the signals generated by the
fracture of the connection between aggregate particles and the compaction of
pores between aggregate particles during the early stage of loading.
References
1. Q.S. Liu,W.H. Liu, Acoustic emission characteristics and failure modes of cathode carbon
blocks under uniaxial compression for aluminum electrolysis. Light Met. 2, 23–27 (2014) (in
Chinese)
2. Q.S. Liu,H.F. Liu, Mechanical properties of carbon cathodes during aluminium electrolysis.
Adv. Mater. Res. 399–401:2155–2159 (2012)
3. J. Xu, Z. Fu, Q. Han, G. Lacidogna, A. Carpinteri, Micro-cracking monitoring and fracture
evaluation for crumb rubber concrete based on acoustic emission techniques. Struct. Health
Monit. 7. 147592171773053 (2017)
4. S. Yuyama, Z.W. Li, Y. Ito et al., Quantitative analysis of fracture process in RC column
foundation by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission. Constr. Build. Mater. 13(1–2),
87–97 (1999)
5. D.G. Aggelis, A.C. Mpalaskas, T.E. Matikas, Investigation of different fracture modes in
cement-based materials by acoustic emission. Cem. Concr. Res. 48(2), 1–8 (2013)
6. D.G. Aggelis, T.E. Matikas, Effect of plate wave dispersion on the acoustic emission parameters
in metals. Comput. Struct. 98–99(5):17–22 (2012)
7. T. Shiotani, M. Ohtsu, K. Ikeda, Detection and evaluation of AE waves due to rock deformation.
Constr. Build. Mater. 15(5–6), 235–246 (2001)
8. D. Soulioti, N.M. Barkoula, A. Paipetis et al., Acoustic emission behavior of steel fibre
reinforced concrete under bending. Constr. Build. Mater. 23(12), 3532–3536 (2009)
9. D.G. Aggelis, A.C. Mpalaskas, D. Ntalakas et al., Effect of wave distortion on acoustic emission
characterization of cementitious materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 35, 183–190 (2012)
10. G. Villalobos, Acoustic emission signals resulting from the drying induced fractures of
Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo: evidence of scale free phenomena. Wood Sci. Technol.
(2016)
11. I. Ioka, S. Yoda, et al., Behavior of acoustic emission caused by microfracture in polycrystalline
graphites. Carbon 28, 879–885 (1990)
12. N. Ekinaga, K. Tamagawa, H. Takahashi, Acoustic emission characteristics and fracture
toughness of artificial graphite electrodes. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 7, 49–54 (1991)
13. G. Yonga, X. Denghong et al., Identification of damage mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced
silicon carbide composites under static loading using acoustic emission monitoring. Ceram.
Int. 45, 13847–13858 (2019)