Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Titania …
551
101. Popat KC, Leoni L, Grimes CA, Desai TA (2007) Influence of engineered titania nanotubular
surfaces on bone cells. Biomaterials 28:3188–3197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.
2007.03.020
102. Brammer KS, Oh S, Gallagher JO, Jin S (2008) Enhanced cellular mobility guided by TiO 2
nanotube surfaces 2008
103. Huo K, Gao B, Fu J, Zhao L, Chu PK (2014) Fabrication, modification, and biomedical
applications of anodized TiO 2 nanotube arrays. RSC Adv 4:17300–17324
104. Indira K, Kamachi Mudali U, Rajendran N (2014) In vitro bioactivity and corrosion resistance
of Zr incorporated TiO 2 nanotube arrays for orthopaedic applications. Appl Surf Sci 316:264–
275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.08.001
105. Xin Y, Jiang J, Huo K, Hu T, Chu PK (2009) Bioactive SrTiO3 nanotube arrays: Strontium
delivery platform on Ti-based osteoporotic bone implants. ACS Nano 3:3228–3234. https://
doi.org/10.1021/nn9007675
106. Indira K, Mudali UK, Rajendran N (2014) In-vitro biocompatibility and corrosion resistance
of strontium incorporated TiO 2 nanotube arrays for orthopaedic applications. J Biomater Appl
29:113–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328213516821
107. Simi VS, Kabali J, Rajendran N (2016) Development and characterization of zinc incorporated
titania nanotube arrays for biomedical applications. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 29:286–293
108. Simi VS, Satish A, Korrapati PS, Rajendran N (2018) In-vitro biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of electrochemically assembled PPy/TNTA hybrid material for biomedical
applications. Appl Surf Sci 445:320–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.151
109. Advanced biomaterials: fundamentals, processing, and applications. Wiley. https://www.
wiley.com/en-us/Advanced+Biomaterials%3A+Fundamentals%2C+Processing%2C+and+
Applications+-p-9780470193402. Accessed 22 Jun 2020
110. Fossati A, Borgioli F, Galvanetto E, Bacci T (2004) Corrosion resistance properties of plasma
nitrided Ti–6Al–4 V alloy in nitric acid solutions. 46:917–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010938X(03)00188-4
111. Rudenja S, Leygraf C, Pan J, Kulu P, Talimets E, Mikli V (1999) Duplex TiN coatings
deposited by arc plating for increased corrosion resistance of stainless steel substrates. Surf
Coatings Technol 114:129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00033-X
112. Strafford KN, Towell JM (1976) The interaction of titanium and titanium alloys with nitrogen
at elevated temperatures. I. The kinetics and mechanism of the titanium-nitrogen reaction.
Oxid Met 10:41–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00611698
113. McDonald NR, Wallwork GR (1970) The reaction of nitrogen with titanium between 800 and
1200 °C. Oxid Met 2:263–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00614621
114. Metin E, Inal OT (1989) Kinetics of layer growth and multiphase diffusion in ion-nitrided
titanium. Metall Trans A 20:1819–1832. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663213
115. Mohan L, Anandan C, William Grips VK (2013) Investigation of electrochemical behavior
of nitrogen implanted Ti-15Mo-3Nb-3Al alloy in Hank’s solution. J Mater Sci Mater Med
24:623–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-012-4835-8
116. Mohan L, Anandan C (2013) Effect of gas composition on corrosion behavior and growth of
apatite on plasma nitrided titanium alloy Beta-21S. Appl Surf Sci 268:288–296. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.12.080
117. Anandan C, Babu PD, Mohan L (2013) Effect of gas composition on nitriding and wear
behavior of nitrided titanium alloy Ti-15 V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn. J Mater Eng Perform 22:2623–2633.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0540-0
118. Mohan L, Raja MD, Uma TS, Rajendran N, Anandan C (2016) In-Vitro biocompatibility
studies of plasma-nitrided titanium alloy β-21S using fibroblast cells. J Mater Eng Perform
25:1508–1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1860-z
119. Anandan C, Mohan L (2016) Effect of PostNitride Annealing on Wear and Corrosion Behavior
of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V. J Mater Eng Perform 25:4416–4424. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11665-016-2252-8
120. Mohan L, Anandan C, Rajendran N (2015) Effect of plasma nitriding on structure and biocompatibility of self-organised TiO 2 nanotubes on Ti–6Al–7Nb. RSC Adv 5:41763–41771. https://
doi.org/10.1039/C5RA05818J
551
101. Popat KC, Leoni L, Grimes CA, Desai TA (2007) Influence of engineered titania nanotubular
surfaces on bone cells. Biomaterials 28:3188–3197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.
2007.03.020
102. Brammer KS, Oh S, Gallagher JO, Jin S (2008) Enhanced cellular mobility guided by TiO 2
nanotube surfaces 2008
103. Huo K, Gao B, Fu J, Zhao L, Chu PK (2014) Fabrication, modification, and biomedical
applications of anodized TiO 2 nanotube arrays. RSC Adv 4:17300–17324
104. Indira K, Kamachi Mudali U, Rajendran N (2014) In vitro bioactivity and corrosion resistance
of Zr incorporated TiO 2 nanotube arrays for orthopaedic applications. Appl Surf Sci 316:264–
275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.08.001
105. Xin Y, Jiang J, Huo K, Hu T, Chu PK (2009) Bioactive SrTiO3 nanotube arrays: Strontium
delivery platform on Ti-based osteoporotic bone implants. ACS Nano 3:3228–3234. https://
doi.org/10.1021/nn9007675
106. Indira K, Mudali UK, Rajendran N (2014) In-vitro biocompatibility and corrosion resistance
of strontium incorporated TiO 2 nanotube arrays for orthopaedic applications. J Biomater Appl
29:113–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328213516821
107. Simi VS, Kabali J, Rajendran N (2016) Development and characterization of zinc incorporated
titania nanotube arrays for biomedical applications. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 29:286–293
108. Simi VS, Satish A, Korrapati PS, Rajendran N (2018) In-vitro biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of electrochemically assembled PPy/TNTA hybrid material for biomedical
applications. Appl Surf Sci 445:320–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.151
109. Advanced biomaterials: fundamentals, processing, and applications. Wiley. https://www.
wiley.com/en-us/Advanced+Biomaterials%3A+Fundamentals%2C+Processing%2C+and+
Applications+-p-9780470193402. Accessed 22 Jun 2020
110. Fossati A, Borgioli F, Galvanetto E, Bacci T (2004) Corrosion resistance properties of plasma
nitrided Ti–6Al–4 V alloy in nitric acid solutions. 46:917–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010938X(03)00188-4
111. Rudenja S, Leygraf C, Pan J, Kulu P, Talimets E, Mikli V (1999) Duplex TiN coatings
deposited by arc plating for increased corrosion resistance of stainless steel substrates. Surf
Coatings Technol 114:129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00033-X
112. Strafford KN, Towell JM (1976) The interaction of titanium and titanium alloys with nitrogen
at elevated temperatures. I. The kinetics and mechanism of the titanium-nitrogen reaction.
Oxid Met 10:41–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00611698
113. McDonald NR, Wallwork GR (1970) The reaction of nitrogen with titanium between 800 and
1200 °C. Oxid Met 2:263–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00614621
114. Metin E, Inal OT (1989) Kinetics of layer growth and multiphase diffusion in ion-nitrided
titanium. Metall Trans A 20:1819–1832. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663213
115. Mohan L, Anandan C, William Grips VK (2013) Investigation of electrochemical behavior
of nitrogen implanted Ti-15Mo-3Nb-3Al alloy in Hank’s solution. J Mater Sci Mater Med
24:623–633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-012-4835-8
116. Mohan L, Anandan C (2013) Effect of gas composition on corrosion behavior and growth of
apatite on plasma nitrided titanium alloy Beta-21S. Appl Surf Sci 268:288–296. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.12.080
117. Anandan C, Babu PD, Mohan L (2013) Effect of gas composition on nitriding and wear
behavior of nitrided titanium alloy Ti-15 V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn. J Mater Eng Perform 22:2623–2633.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0540-0
118. Mohan L, Raja MD, Uma TS, Rajendran N, Anandan C (2016) In-Vitro biocompatibility
studies of plasma-nitrided titanium alloy β-21S using fibroblast cells. J Mater Eng Perform
25:1508–1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1860-z
119. Anandan C, Mohan L (2016) Effect of PostNitride Annealing on Wear and Corrosion Behavior
of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V. J Mater Eng Perform 25:4416–4424. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11665-016-2252-8
120. Mohan L, Anandan C, Rajendran N (2015) Effect of plasma nitriding on structure and biocompatibility of self-organised TiO 2 nanotubes on Ti–6Al–7Nb. RSC Adv 5:41763–41771. https://
doi.org/10.1039/C5RA05818J