Nanomaterials for Medical Imaging …
391
122. Xiao Q, Bu W, Ren Q, Zhang S, Xing H, Chen F, Li M, Zheng X, Hua Y, Zhou L, Peng
W, Qu H, Wang Z, Zhao K, Shi J (2012) Radiopaque fluorescence-transparent TaOx decorated upconversion nanophosphors for in vivo CT/MR/UCL trimodal imaging. Biomaterials
33(30):7530–7539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.028
123. Chakravarty S, Hix JML, Wiewiora KA, Volk MC, Kenyon E, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, BlancoFernandez B, Kiupel M, Thomas J, Sempere LF, Shapiro EM (2020) Tantalum oxide nanoparticles as versatile contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography. Nanoscale. https://doi.org/
10.1039/d0nr01234c
124. Liu Y, Liu J, Ai K, Yuan Q, Lu L (2014) Recent advances in ytterbium-based contrast agents
for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging: promises and prospects. Contrast Media
Mol Imaging 9(1):26–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.1537
125. Xiong L, Yang T, Yang Y, Xu C, Li F (2010) Long-term in vivo biodistribution imaging and
toxicity of polyacrylic acid-coated upconversion nanophosphors. Biomaterials 31(27):7078–
7085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.065
126. Wachter J (1990) The elements. Von J. Emsley. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1989. 256 S., Paperback £ 9.95. ISBN 0-19-855237-8. Angewandte Chemie 102(1):115–115. https://doi.org/10.
1002/ange.19901020140
127. Li Z, Zhang Y, Jiang S (2008) Multicolor core/shell-structured upconversion fluorescent
nanoparticles. Adv Mater 20(24):4765–4769. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801056
128. Unger E, Gutierrez F (1986) Ytterbium-DTPA. A potential intravascular contrast agent.
Investig Radiol 21(10):802–807. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198610000-00007
129. Krause W, Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Bauer M, Press W-R, Muschick P (1996) Ytterbiumand dysprosium-EOB-DTPA: a new prototype of liver-specific contrast agents for computed
tomography. Investig Radiol 31(8):502–511
130. Schmitz SA, Wagner S, Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Krause W, Bollow M, Wolf KJ (1997)
Gd-EOB-DTPA and Yb-EOB-DTPA: two prototypic contrast media for CT detection of liver
lesions in dogs. Radiology 205(2):361–366. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.205.2.9356615
131. Anbazhagan R, Su YA, Tsai HC, Jeng RJ (2016) MoS2-Gd chelate magnetic nanomaterials
with core-shell structure used as contrast agents in in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 8(3):1827–1835. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09722
132. Liu Y, Ai K, Liu J, Yuan Q, He Y, Lu L (2012) A high-performance ytterbium-based
nanoparticulate contrast agent for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging. Angew Chem
51(6):1437–1442. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201106686
133. Liu Y, Ai K, Liu J, Yuan Q, He Y, Lu L (2012) Hybrid BaYbF(5) nanoparticles: novel binary
contrast agent for high-resolution in vivo X-ray computed tomography angiography. Adv
Healthc Mater 1(4):461–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201200028
134. Liu Z, Pu F, Liu J, Jiang L, Yuan Q, Li Z, Ren J, Qu X (2013) PEGylated hybrid ytterbia
nanoparticles as high-performance diagnostic probes for in vivo magnetic resonance and Xray computed tomography imaging with low systemic toxicity. Nanoscale 5(10):4252–4261.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00491k
135. Liu Z, Li Z, Liu J, Gu S, Yuan Q, Ren J, Qu X (2012) Long-circulating Er3+-doped Yb2O3
up-conversion nanoparticle as an in vivo X-Ray CT imaging contrast agent. Biomaterials
33(28):6748–6757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.033
136. Zeng S, Tsang MK, Chan CF, Wong KL, Hao J (2012) PEG modified BaGdF(5):Yb/Er
nanoprobes for multi-modal upconversion fluorescent, in vivo X-ray computed tomography
and biomagnetic imaging. Biomaterials 33(36):9232–9238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomat
erials.2012.09.019
137. Pan D, Schirra CO, Senpan A, Schmieder AH, Stacy AJ, Roessl E, Thran A, Wickline SA,
Proska R, Lanza GM (2012) An early investigation of ytterbium nanocolloids for selective
and quantitative “multicolor” spectral CT imaging. ACS Nano 6(4):3364–3370. https://doi.
org/10.1021/nn300392x
138. Liu Z, Pu F, Huang S, Yuan Q, Ren J, Qu X (2013) Long-circulating Gd(2)O(3):Yb(3+),
Er(3+) up-conversion nanoprobes as high-performance contrast agents for multi-modality
imaging. Biomaterials 34(6):1712–1721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.009
391
122. Xiao Q, Bu W, Ren Q, Zhang S, Xing H, Chen F, Li M, Zheng X, Hua Y, Zhou L, Peng
W, Qu H, Wang Z, Zhao K, Shi J (2012) Radiopaque fluorescence-transparent TaOx decorated upconversion nanophosphors for in vivo CT/MR/UCL trimodal imaging. Biomaterials
33(30):7530–7539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.028
123. Chakravarty S, Hix JML, Wiewiora KA, Volk MC, Kenyon E, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, BlancoFernandez B, Kiupel M, Thomas J, Sempere LF, Shapiro EM (2020) Tantalum oxide nanoparticles as versatile contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography. Nanoscale. https://doi.org/
10.1039/d0nr01234c
124. Liu Y, Liu J, Ai K, Yuan Q, Lu L (2014) Recent advances in ytterbium-based contrast agents
for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging: promises and prospects. Contrast Media
Mol Imaging 9(1):26–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.1537
125. Xiong L, Yang T, Yang Y, Xu C, Li F (2010) Long-term in vivo biodistribution imaging and
toxicity of polyacrylic acid-coated upconversion nanophosphors. Biomaterials 31(27):7078–
7085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.065
126. Wachter J (1990) The elements. Von J. Emsley. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1989. 256 S., Paperback £ 9.95. ISBN 0-19-855237-8. Angewandte Chemie 102(1):115–115. https://doi.org/10.
1002/ange.19901020140
127. Li Z, Zhang Y, Jiang S (2008) Multicolor core/shell-structured upconversion fluorescent
nanoparticles. Adv Mater 20(24):4765–4769. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801056
128. Unger E, Gutierrez F (1986) Ytterbium-DTPA. A potential intravascular contrast agent.
Investig Radiol 21(10):802–807. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198610000-00007
129. Krause W, Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Bauer M, Press W-R, Muschick P (1996) Ytterbiumand dysprosium-EOB-DTPA: a new prototype of liver-specific contrast agents for computed
tomography. Investig Radiol 31(8):502–511
130. Schmitz SA, Wagner S, Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Krause W, Bollow M, Wolf KJ (1997)
Gd-EOB-DTPA and Yb-EOB-DTPA: two prototypic contrast media for CT detection of liver
lesions in dogs. Radiology 205(2):361–366. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.205.2.9356615
131. Anbazhagan R, Su YA, Tsai HC, Jeng RJ (2016) MoS2-Gd chelate magnetic nanomaterials
with core-shell structure used as contrast agents in in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 8(3):1827–1835. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09722
132. Liu Y, Ai K, Liu J, Yuan Q, He Y, Lu L (2012) A high-performance ytterbium-based
nanoparticulate contrast agent for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging. Angew Chem
51(6):1437–1442. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201106686
133. Liu Y, Ai K, Liu J, Yuan Q, He Y, Lu L (2012) Hybrid BaYbF(5) nanoparticles: novel binary
contrast agent for high-resolution in vivo X-ray computed tomography angiography. Adv
Healthc Mater 1(4):461–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201200028
134. Liu Z, Pu F, Liu J, Jiang L, Yuan Q, Li Z, Ren J, Qu X (2013) PEGylated hybrid ytterbia
nanoparticles as high-performance diagnostic probes for in vivo magnetic resonance and Xray computed tomography imaging with low systemic toxicity. Nanoscale 5(10):4252–4261.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00491k
135. Liu Z, Li Z, Liu J, Gu S, Yuan Q, Ren J, Qu X (2012) Long-circulating Er3+-doped Yb2O3
up-conversion nanoparticle as an in vivo X-Ray CT imaging contrast agent. Biomaterials
33(28):6748–6757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.033
136. Zeng S, Tsang MK, Chan CF, Wong KL, Hao J (2012) PEG modified BaGdF(5):Yb/Er
nanoprobes for multi-modal upconversion fluorescent, in vivo X-ray computed tomography
and biomagnetic imaging. Biomaterials 33(36):9232–9238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomat
erials.2012.09.019
137. Pan D, Schirra CO, Senpan A, Schmieder AH, Stacy AJ, Roessl E, Thran A, Wickline SA,
Proska R, Lanza GM (2012) An early investigation of ytterbium nanocolloids for selective
and quantitative “multicolor” spectral CT imaging. ACS Nano 6(4):3364–3370. https://doi.
org/10.1021/nn300392x
138. Liu Z, Pu F, Huang S, Yuan Q, Ren J, Qu X (2013) Long-circulating Gd(2)O(3):Yb(3+),
Er(3+) up-conversion nanoprobes as high-performance contrast agents for multi-modality
imaging. Biomaterials 34(6):1712–1721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.009