Nanomaterials for Medical Imaging …
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Fig. 11 Bismuth based nanoparticles for in-vivo imaging. Ultra-small semi-metal shows that the CT
Hounsfield unit is high compared to conventional Iohexol at various concentrations. Intravenous
tail vein injection depicts the location of the tumor (a). At the various time point of injected
Bismuth sulphide nanoparticles showed an improved signal intensity than the pre-injected section
(b). Adapted from reference [101, 102]
unique optical and magnetic properties with less toxicity, and high x-ray attenuation.
In 2011 Ai et al. synthesized large-scale oleyl amine coated Bi 2 S 3 nanodots, which
are cost-effective than gold particles with unique CT contrast for in vivo imaging.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone is coated over nanodots for better dispersibility in an aqueous
medium, having 80% viability in 3 mg Bi/mL with higher uptake in HeLa cells.
Histopathological changes of organs after 1 month showed no tissue damage when
administered intravenously and safe for biological applications [100].
Recent studies with Bismuth based X-ray contrast agents coated with biotin, Folic
acid, hyaluronic acid, and epidermal growth factors are used as targeting moieties
[103]. Other than surfactant coated bismuth nanoparticles, targeted nanoparticles
have shown great potential as in vivo cancer imaging. Labeled particles that are
targeted to specific cancer tissues as an exogenous contrast agent to detect at an early
stage with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Coating of particles can would able to
protect from the lymph node clearance and protein adsorption. Amino acid peptidefunctionalized Bi 2 S 3 NPs for targeted breast cancer cells due to the elevated levels of
protein in them. Likewise, LyP-1 linked with Bi 2 S 3 NPs increases the level of particles
in conjugation with p32 cellular receptors in the tumor region. Also, clearance of these
nanoparticles is via fecal route and provides sufficiently high contrast in the X-ray
353
Fig. 11 Bismuth based nanoparticles for in-vivo imaging. Ultra-small semi-metal shows that the CT
Hounsfield unit is high compared to conventional Iohexol at various concentrations. Intravenous
tail vein injection depicts the location of the tumor (a). At the various time point of injected
Bismuth sulphide nanoparticles showed an improved signal intensity than the pre-injected section
(b). Adapted from reference [101, 102]
unique optical and magnetic properties with less toxicity, and high x-ray attenuation.
In 2011 Ai et al. synthesized large-scale oleyl amine coated Bi 2 S 3 nanodots, which
are cost-effective than gold particles with unique CT contrast for in vivo imaging.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone is coated over nanodots for better dispersibility in an aqueous
medium, having 80% viability in 3 mg Bi/mL with higher uptake in HeLa cells.
Histopathological changes of organs after 1 month showed no tissue damage when
administered intravenously and safe for biological applications [100].
Recent studies with Bismuth based X-ray contrast agents coated with biotin, Folic
acid, hyaluronic acid, and epidermal growth factors are used as targeting moieties
[103]. Other than surfactant coated bismuth nanoparticles, targeted nanoparticles
have shown great potential as in vivo cancer imaging. Labeled particles that are
targeted to specific cancer tissues as an exogenous contrast agent to detect at an early
stage with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Coating of particles can would able to
protect from the lymph node clearance and protein adsorption. Amino acid peptidefunctionalized Bi 2 S 3 NPs for targeted breast cancer cells due to the elevated levels of
protein in them. Likewise, LyP-1 linked with Bi 2 S 3 NPs increases the level of particles
in conjugation with p32 cellular receptors in the tumor region. Also, clearance of these
nanoparticles is via fecal route and provides sufficiently high contrast in the X-ray