Fabrication of Nanostructured Scaffolds
for Tissue Engineering Applications
Govindaraj Perumal and Mukesh Doble
Abstract The field of tissue engineering is rapidly growing nowadays, and the
development of the bio-functional scaffolds to mimic the natural environment of
the body tissue to replace the damaged or diseased tissues. Use of nanomaterials to
develop nanostructured biomaterial scaffolds showing enhanced biological functions
than microstructured materials. Nanostructured materials have higher surface area
and biomimetic nature, hence allow better cell adhesion than conventional materials,
which is needed for materials used for tissue engineering applications. Unlike conventional materials, nanomaterials mimic resembling natural extracellular matrix (ECM)
to support better protein adsorption and also stimulate enhanced tissue regeneration.
Here, we address different categories of biomaterials used to fabricating nanostructured scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications. The desired properties required
for various tissue engineering scaffolds and its methods of fabrication, current development, and future directions of these methodologies are discussed. In addition to
that, the special emphasis is given on bone tissue engineering and three dimensional
(3D printing) technologies to manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds using various
nanomaterials are also discussed in this chapter.
Keywords Nanostructured materials · Electrospinning · 3D printing · Tissue
engineering · Regenerative medicine
1 Introduction
The nanostructure scaffold denotes that structures or components are in the nanoscale
dimension and which makes them a suitable candidate to stimulate various cell functionalities ultimately required for tissue regeneration applications [1]. In other words,
a material is considered to be nanostructured if the internal pores or surface structure
G. Perumal (B) · M. Doble
Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of
Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
e-mail: govindvit07@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
T. S. Santra and L. Mohan (eds.), Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications,
Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering 16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_12
317
for Tissue Engineering Applications
Govindaraj Perumal and Mukesh Doble
Abstract The field of tissue engineering is rapidly growing nowadays, and the
development of the bio-functional scaffolds to mimic the natural environment of
the body tissue to replace the damaged or diseased tissues. Use of nanomaterials to
develop nanostructured biomaterial scaffolds showing enhanced biological functions
than microstructured materials. Nanostructured materials have higher surface area
and biomimetic nature, hence allow better cell adhesion than conventional materials,
which is needed for materials used for tissue engineering applications. Unlike conventional materials, nanomaterials mimic resembling natural extracellular matrix (ECM)
to support better protein adsorption and also stimulate enhanced tissue regeneration.
Here, we address different categories of biomaterials used to fabricating nanostructured scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications. The desired properties required
for various tissue engineering scaffolds and its methods of fabrication, current development, and future directions of these methodologies are discussed. In addition to
that, the special emphasis is given on bone tissue engineering and three dimensional
(3D printing) technologies to manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds using various
nanomaterials are also discussed in this chapter.
Keywords Nanostructured materials · Electrospinning · 3D printing · Tissue
engineering · Regenerative medicine
1 Introduction
The nanostructure scaffold denotes that structures or components are in the nanoscale
dimension and which makes them a suitable candidate to stimulate various cell functionalities ultimately required for tissue regeneration applications [1]. In other words,
a material is considered to be nanostructured if the internal pores or surface structure
G. Perumal (B) · M. Doble
Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of
Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
e-mail: govindvit07@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
T. S. Santra and L. Mohan (eds.), Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications,
Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering 16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6252-9_12
317