Nanomaterials: An Introduction
15
face a considerable loss if, by any chance, the manufactured products fail to satisfy
the customers. Alternate options such as the recovery of the original product or
maintenance of the nanomaterials are also a costly and tedious affair.
Further, nanotechnology does not leave any byproducts or residues, generally
based on small industries, therefore creating a considerable risk of extinction for small
scale industries. As an outcome, the quantity of sub-products of coal and petroleum
is deteriorating. Another massive threat, like the Covid-19 pandemic situation, may
be born with the arrival of nanotechnology. It can make the easy accessibility of biochemical weapons or nano-bio engineered biological weapons. Nanotechnology is
making these weapons more powerful and destructive. Unauthorized criminal bodies
or corrupt politicians can steal the formulations and may reach these dangerous
weapons easily, and they can quickly destroy our civilization [161].
8 Effect of Nanotechnology on Microorganisms, Animals,
and Plants
Some nanomaterials are hazardous to human beings and are also harmful to the existence of different microorganisms, animals, and plants. Human-made nano pollution
is very unsafe for living microorganisms, animals, and plants under the water or on
the earth. As a result, many of microorganism’s families have entirely disappeared
from the world. Due to the rapid application of nanotechnology in the agriculture
sector without proper nanotoxicological analysis, many plants are directly exposed
to nanotoxicity, and animals are indirectly exposed. Thus, in the last two decades, a
vast number of valuable plants and animals are entirely disappeared from our world.
9 Safety and Security of Nanotechnological Developments
Nanotechnology is an extensively expanding field. Researchers, scientists, and engineers are getting high success in producing nanoscale materials and taking advantage of enhanced properties, such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased electrical conductivity, and chemical reactivity compared to their larger-scale equivalents
[162, 163].
Human health concerns are also growing due to nanomaterials. The attempts
of technological manipulations raise the vocational risk to the workers in case of
accidental exposures. The ethical issues regarding the poisoning of mass material are
processed at a nanoscale, causing adverse effects on the health and industry. Mass
poisoning occurs in the case of toxic micro particles coatings on the products. These
microparticles penetrate inside the brain, while in contact with humans. Academic
and industry experts suggest that there exists ambiguity regarding the toxic effects of
releasing nanoparticles into the environment. It is also noteworthy that there is a lack
15
face a considerable loss if, by any chance, the manufactured products fail to satisfy
the customers. Alternate options such as the recovery of the original product or
maintenance of the nanomaterials are also a costly and tedious affair.
Further, nanotechnology does not leave any byproducts or residues, generally
based on small industries, therefore creating a considerable risk of extinction for small
scale industries. As an outcome, the quantity of sub-products of coal and petroleum
is deteriorating. Another massive threat, like the Covid-19 pandemic situation, may
be born with the arrival of nanotechnology. It can make the easy accessibility of biochemical weapons or nano-bio engineered biological weapons. Nanotechnology is
making these weapons more powerful and destructive. Unauthorized criminal bodies
or corrupt politicians can steal the formulations and may reach these dangerous
weapons easily, and they can quickly destroy our civilization [161].
8 Effect of Nanotechnology on Microorganisms, Animals,
and Plants
Some nanomaterials are hazardous to human beings and are also harmful to the existence of different microorganisms, animals, and plants. Human-made nano pollution
is very unsafe for living microorganisms, animals, and plants under the water or on
the earth. As a result, many of microorganism’s families have entirely disappeared
from the world. Due to the rapid application of nanotechnology in the agriculture
sector without proper nanotoxicological analysis, many plants are directly exposed
to nanotoxicity, and animals are indirectly exposed. Thus, in the last two decades, a
vast number of valuable plants and animals are entirely disappeared from our world.
9 Safety and Security of Nanotechnological Developments
Nanotechnology is an extensively expanding field. Researchers, scientists, and engineers are getting high success in producing nanoscale materials and taking advantage of enhanced properties, such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased electrical conductivity, and chemical reactivity compared to their larger-scale equivalents
[162, 163].
Human health concerns are also growing due to nanomaterials. The attempts
of technological manipulations raise the vocational risk to the workers in case of
accidental exposures. The ethical issues regarding the poisoning of mass material are
processed at a nanoscale, causing adverse effects on the health and industry. Mass
poisoning occurs in the case of toxic micro particles coatings on the products. These
microparticles penetrate inside the brain, while in contact with humans. Academic
and industry experts suggest that there exists ambiguity regarding the toxic effects of
releasing nanoparticles into the environment. It is also noteworthy that there is a lack