8
T. K. Barik et al.
Fig. 2 a Rapid increase in global nanomaterials market volume (Kilo Tons) and revenue (USD
Billion) for the period of 2014–2022 [92]. Source Zion market research analysis, 2017. b The global
market value of nanotechnology from 2010 to 2020 (in Billion USD) [93]. c Global nanotechnology
review for nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices market from 2011 to 2017 (in Million USD).
Source BCC Research [94]
route for entry, i.e., the lungs or gastrointestinal tract. Nanomaterials can enter the
body through the skin for various reasons, such as the use of medicine, cosmetics,
ointments, and use of clothes containing nanomaterials, occupational contact in the
industry, etc. Soaps, shampoos, toothpaste, hair gels, creams, and some cosmetics
containing the nanosilver, which can enter into the body through the skin.
Cream or solution containing Silver nanoparticles is used to treat wounds, burns,
etc. to prevent infections and damaged skin. The penetrating ability depends on
the size of the nanoparticles. The smaller the nanoparticle, has the more exceptional
penetrating ability. The inhaled particulate matter gets accumulate in the human respiratory tract, while one significant portion of those inhaled particles gets deposited
in the lungs. Nanoparticles also can travel across the placenta in pregnant women to
the fetus along with other organs, i.e., brain, liver, and spleen. The effects of inhaled
nanoparticles in the body may include lung inflammation and heart disease problems
[95]. The pulmonary injury and inflammation resulting from the inhalation of nanosized urban particulate matter appear due to the oxidative stress imposed by these
particles in the cells [98–101]. The first reported nanoparticle is nanosilver, which
can damage DNA molecules. Silver nanoparticles have the most harmful effects on
the most sensitive biological groups [98, 102–105]. This nanoparticle can enter into
the blood through the skin. Silver binds with the thiol group of some proteins. If
T. K. Barik et al.
Fig. 2 a Rapid increase in global nanomaterials market volume (Kilo Tons) and revenue (USD
Billion) for the period of 2014–2022 [92]. Source Zion market research analysis, 2017. b The global
market value of nanotechnology from 2010 to 2020 (in Billion USD) [93]. c Global nanotechnology
review for nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices market from 2011 to 2017 (in Million USD).
Source BCC Research [94]
route for entry, i.e., the lungs or gastrointestinal tract. Nanomaterials can enter the
body through the skin for various reasons, such as the use of medicine, cosmetics,
ointments, and use of clothes containing nanomaterials, occupational contact in the
industry, etc. Soaps, shampoos, toothpaste, hair gels, creams, and some cosmetics
containing the nanosilver, which can enter into the body through the skin.
Cream or solution containing Silver nanoparticles is used to treat wounds, burns,
etc. to prevent infections and damaged skin. The penetrating ability depends on
the size of the nanoparticles. The smaller the nanoparticle, has the more exceptional
penetrating ability. The inhaled particulate matter gets accumulate in the human respiratory tract, while one significant portion of those inhaled particles gets deposited
in the lungs. Nanoparticles also can travel across the placenta in pregnant women to
the fetus along with other organs, i.e., brain, liver, and spleen. The effects of inhaled
nanoparticles in the body may include lung inflammation and heart disease problems
[95]. The pulmonary injury and inflammation resulting from the inhalation of nanosized urban particulate matter appear due to the oxidative stress imposed by these
particles in the cells [98–101]. The first reported nanoparticle is nanosilver, which
can damage DNA molecules. Silver nanoparticles have the most harmful effects on
the most sensitive biological groups [98, 102–105]. This nanoparticle can enter into
the blood through the skin. Silver binds with the thiol group of some proteins. If