Size and Shape Selective Metal Oxide Nanomaterials …
101
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia [80] are some of the known
organizations working for nanotechnology regulations in their country. Generally
regulation on the food, biomedical and cosmetic products needs a pre-market notification before it is available to the commercial market. The common criteria for the
assessment of nano-product include (a) the chemical identification of the MONMs,
(b) amount of the materials present in exact unit, size and shape (c) physicochemical
properties, (d) yearly production level, and (e) toxicology aspect of the NMs, safety
and expected exposure effects. Other than MONMs, added ingredients, colorants,
preservatives and other restricted substances should be indicated in the final product
printed with precise units. The information should be continuously updated based
on the analysis results from time to time [75] in the company’s product file. Every
country keeps watching on the regulations imposed by the competent authority in
order to ensure its products shine on the different business markets.
13 Summary
This book chapter dealt with metal oxide nanomaterials and their usage in biomedical applications. Beginning from the definitions of NMs as suggested by various
international organizations, theory behind the metal oxides’ behaviors in different
applications especially in biomedical field were discussed. The morphological evolutions such as size and shapes of NMs which are fundamental to many applications
were discussed from the available theory. It was because of the importance of size and
shapes for accessing particular target cells or tissues or organs in biomedicines. This
chapter also discussed the simple preparation methods with possible theories corresponding to each synthesis method for easy understanding. Once the MONMs are
synthesized, it should render preferential properties to interact with biological system
internally and externally to maximize its expected performance. Those parameters
are amphiphilicity, iso-electric points, surface charge, biocompatibility, size, shapes,
concentration, etc. all of which play critical roles. At the same time, studies on the
MONMs with biomolecular interactions call for further understanding and to elucidate the theoretical mechanism which is lacking still. The process of commercializing a product, prior risk analysis, different anti-bacterial assessment methods, and
possible interaction mechanism were discussed in detail. This chapter (in addition to
the already available sources) would provide a glance from synthesis to applications
of MONMs to the readers, students, and research groups who are actively engaged
in biomedical applications of nanomaterials.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through
the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07051012), Korea (to
Sungkyunkwan University).
101
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia [80] are some of the known
organizations working for nanotechnology regulations in their country. Generally
regulation on the food, biomedical and cosmetic products needs a pre-market notification before it is available to the commercial market. The common criteria for the
assessment of nano-product include (a) the chemical identification of the MONMs,
(b) amount of the materials present in exact unit, size and shape (c) physicochemical
properties, (d) yearly production level, and (e) toxicology aspect of the NMs, safety
and expected exposure effects. Other than MONMs, added ingredients, colorants,
preservatives and other restricted substances should be indicated in the final product
printed with precise units. The information should be continuously updated based
on the analysis results from time to time [75] in the company’s product file. Every
country keeps watching on the regulations imposed by the competent authority in
order to ensure its products shine on the different business markets.
13 Summary
This book chapter dealt with metal oxide nanomaterials and their usage in biomedical applications. Beginning from the definitions of NMs as suggested by various
international organizations, theory behind the metal oxides’ behaviors in different
applications especially in biomedical field were discussed. The morphological evolutions such as size and shapes of NMs which are fundamental to many applications
were discussed from the available theory. It was because of the importance of size and
shapes for accessing particular target cells or tissues or organs in biomedicines. This
chapter also discussed the simple preparation methods with possible theories corresponding to each synthesis method for easy understanding. Once the MONMs are
synthesized, it should render preferential properties to interact with biological system
internally and externally to maximize its expected performance. Those parameters
are amphiphilicity, iso-electric points, surface charge, biocompatibility, size, shapes,
concentration, etc. all of which play critical roles. At the same time, studies on the
MONMs with biomolecular interactions call for further understanding and to elucidate the theoretical mechanism which is lacking still. The process of commercializing a product, prior risk analysis, different anti-bacterial assessment methods, and
possible interaction mechanism were discussed in detail. This chapter (in addition to
the already available sources) would provide a glance from synthesis to applications
of MONMs to the readers, students, and research groups who are actively engaged
in biomedical applications of nanomaterials.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through
the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07051012), Korea (to
Sungkyunkwan University).