enterprise transport plans. Following AIRPARIF (2012), it is assumed that about
25 % of all drivers are susceptible to a more eco-driving style, implying 7 %
less fuel use, and hence a 1.7 % reduction of emissions. Assuming a full scale
eco-driving campaign similar to that implemented in the Netherlands
(ECODRIVEN 2008) will result in a rough estimate of 180 k€ annually. This
implies a net present value, discounted over a time period of 6 years (e.g. 2014–
2020) on the basis of a 5.7 % interest rate, of about 1 M€.
• Stimulating the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as car fuel. While this is
a more technical measure, it seems that in Belgium is more a psychological
problem than a lack of infrastructure. It is necessary to implement incentives and
information campaigns and to increase the number of points of sale sufficiently
to make CNG a viable alternative as in many other countries. With respect to the
2010 situation (FEBIAC 2013), it was assumed that 540,000 (10 % of the fleet)
could run on CNG in 2020, substituting 6.3 % of current diesel cars and 3.7 %
of gasoline cars. Since the average mileage is 15,500 km/year, this would mean
a decrease of 7.6 % of NOx emitted by cars.
Domestic heating
The reduction of emissions in the thermal energy sector was planned along both
technical and non-technical actions.
• Maintenance of residential heating appliances. This measure consists of a
periodic inspection of boilers, according to the requirements listed in the PEB
(Performance Energétique des Bâtiments) guidelines. In particular, in this study,
the measure was only applied to residential boilers, with a power in excess of
20 kW, which corresponds, to 95 % of all boilers in the residential sector.
Specifically, the periodic inspection of boilers consists of cleaning all components of the boiler and flue system, the burner setting and compliance verification requirements. Oil-fired boilers should be checked annually while natural
gas boilers should be checked every three years. The adoption of this measure is
assumed to reduce NOx emissions by 72 ton, SOx by 33 ton, VOC by 9.3 ton,
and PM2.5 by 3 ton in 2020. According to the estimate of VITO (2011) the
adoption of this action may cost around 18 M€/year.
• Improving building isolation. This measure aims to stimulate the construction
and building renovation programs by demonstrating that it is possible to achieve
excellent energy and environmental performance while opting for economically
justifiable solutions and promoting high architectural quality. It provides
building owners the opportunity to be ambitious, and allows to generate a
number of exemplary buildings that have a lasting effect on the Brussels construction market through the experience obtained. Between 2007 and 2013,
520,000 m
2 of buildings were renovated with an improved isolation in the
Brussels area.
• Local plan for energy management and energy audits. This measure is mainly
constituted by an analysis of existing or renovated building owned by large real
estate companies to define where energy-saving maintenance is needed, and is
5 Two Illustrative Examples: Brussels and Porto
91
25 % of all drivers are susceptible to a more eco-driving style, implying 7 %
less fuel use, and hence a 1.7 % reduction of emissions. Assuming a full scale
eco-driving campaign similar to that implemented in the Netherlands
(ECODRIVEN 2008) will result in a rough estimate of 180 k€ annually. This
implies a net present value, discounted over a time period of 6 years (e.g. 2014–
2020) on the basis of a 5.7 % interest rate, of about 1 M€.
• Stimulating the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as car fuel. While this is
a more technical measure, it seems that in Belgium is more a psychological
problem than a lack of infrastructure. It is necessary to implement incentives and
information campaigns and to increase the number of points of sale sufficiently
to make CNG a viable alternative as in many other countries. With respect to the
2010 situation (FEBIAC 2013), it was assumed that 540,000 (10 % of the fleet)
could run on CNG in 2020, substituting 6.3 % of current diesel cars and 3.7 %
of gasoline cars. Since the average mileage is 15,500 km/year, this would mean
a decrease of 7.6 % of NOx emitted by cars.
Domestic heating
The reduction of emissions in the thermal energy sector was planned along both
technical and non-technical actions.
• Maintenance of residential heating appliances. This measure consists of a
periodic inspection of boilers, according to the requirements listed in the PEB
(Performance Energétique des Bâtiments) guidelines. In particular, in this study,
the measure was only applied to residential boilers, with a power in excess of
20 kW, which corresponds, to 95 % of all boilers in the residential sector.
Specifically, the periodic inspection of boilers consists of cleaning all components of the boiler and flue system, the burner setting and compliance verification requirements. Oil-fired boilers should be checked annually while natural
gas boilers should be checked every three years. The adoption of this measure is
assumed to reduce NOx emissions by 72 ton, SOx by 33 ton, VOC by 9.3 ton,
and PM2.5 by 3 ton in 2020. According to the estimate of VITO (2011) the
adoption of this action may cost around 18 M€/year.
• Improving building isolation. This measure aims to stimulate the construction
and building renovation programs by demonstrating that it is possible to achieve
excellent energy and environmental performance while opting for economically
justifiable solutions and promoting high architectural quality. It provides
building owners the opportunity to be ambitious, and allows to generate a
number of exemplary buildings that have a lasting effect on the Brussels construction market through the experience obtained. Between 2007 and 2013,
520,000 m
2 of buildings were renovated with an improved isolation in the
Brussels area.
• Local plan for energy management and energy audits. This measure is mainly
constituted by an analysis of existing or renovated building owned by large real
estate companies to define where energy-saving maintenance is needed, and is
5 Two Illustrative Examples: Brussels and Porto
91