trend. Ozone health and vegetation protection limit values are systematically
exceeded in all the stations with a stationary trend during 2001–2012. The data
show also that the annual LV for PM2.5 (obligation from 2015) can be exceeded
with adverse meteorological conditions.
Drivers/Pressures
Sources of PM and ozone precursors, such as NOx and VOCs, are mainly related to
road transport and combustion. Almost 60–65 % of particulate matter is of secondary origin and a large part of particulate matter and ozone pollution is due to
regional background that is influenced by the transport of pollutants from the
neighboring regions of the Po Valley basin. NO 2 exceedances are mainly due to
local pollution, nevertheless the background concentration of NOx plays an
important role in the production of the secondary aerosols. Ammonia (which is
mainly emitted by agriculture) is an important precursor of PM in the Po Valley.
Diesel trucks are responsible for a large part of NOx emissions. Emissions from
wood burning and motor vehicles (exhaust and non-exhaust) are the main sources
of PM10.
The emission scenarios and the resulting air pollution simulations have been
produced on a domain grid covering the Emilia-Romagna region and the surrounding areas, which influence the regional air pollution. The regional inventory of
atmospheric emissions has been undertaken by regional environmental agency
(ARPA-ER) on behalf of the Emilia-Romagna Region, with reference to the year
2010 using INEMAR (INventario EMissioni in ARia—Air Emission Inventory,
http://www.inemar.eu/xwiki/bin/view/Inemar/WebHome): a data collection and
processing system developed to guide the development of a regional bottom-up
atmospheric emission inventory for different activities (heating, road transport,
agriculture, industry, etc.). The gridded emissions and proxy variables were prepared using the tool eFESTo, which is part of the NINFA Regional Air Quality
Modeling System (Stortini et al. 2007). This input allows the RIAT+ tool
(Carnevale et al. 2012) to produce a spatial and seasonal disaggregation of the
emissions inside the region.
The regional emission inventory details emissions by macro sector-sectoractivity and fuel (inside the Region); the point source emissions also have stack
details.
State
To determine NO 2 , PM and O 3 related AQIs a nested chain of Eulerian models was
used. Air pollution concentrations have been simulated for the year 2010 using
NINFA, which includes CHIMERE (version 2008c), a Eulerian chemical transport
model. The range of scale was regional and urban; the spatial resolution was 5 km
by 5 km, with 40 vertical levels; the output consists of hourly concentrations. The
meteorological model used is COSMO17 (http://www.cosmo-model.org), with a
prognostic approach. The background contribution was determined as hourly
concentrations using the Prev’air model (http://www.prevair.org/en/modele.php).
The concentrations due to the local traffic/industry emissions were then further
refined to street level.
3 Current European AQ Planning at Regional …
63
exceeded in all the stations with a stationary trend during 2001–2012. The data
show also that the annual LV for PM2.5 (obligation from 2015) can be exceeded
with adverse meteorological conditions.
Drivers/Pressures
Sources of PM and ozone precursors, such as NOx and VOCs, are mainly related to
road transport and combustion. Almost 60–65 % of particulate matter is of secondary origin and a large part of particulate matter and ozone pollution is due to
regional background that is influenced by the transport of pollutants from the
neighboring regions of the Po Valley basin. NO 2 exceedances are mainly due to
local pollution, nevertheless the background concentration of NOx plays an
important role in the production of the secondary aerosols. Ammonia (which is
mainly emitted by agriculture) is an important precursor of PM in the Po Valley.
Diesel trucks are responsible for a large part of NOx emissions. Emissions from
wood burning and motor vehicles (exhaust and non-exhaust) are the main sources
of PM10.
The emission scenarios and the resulting air pollution simulations have been
produced on a domain grid covering the Emilia-Romagna region and the surrounding areas, which influence the regional air pollution. The regional inventory of
atmospheric emissions has been undertaken by regional environmental agency
(ARPA-ER) on behalf of the Emilia-Romagna Region, with reference to the year
2010 using INEMAR (INventario EMissioni in ARia—Air Emission Inventory,
http://www.inemar.eu/xwiki/bin/view/Inemar/WebHome): a data collection and
processing system developed to guide the development of a regional bottom-up
atmospheric emission inventory for different activities (heating, road transport,
agriculture, industry, etc.). The gridded emissions and proxy variables were prepared using the tool eFESTo, which is part of the NINFA Regional Air Quality
Modeling System (Stortini et al. 2007). This input allows the RIAT+ tool
(Carnevale et al. 2012) to produce a spatial and seasonal disaggregation of the
emissions inside the region.
The regional emission inventory details emissions by macro sector-sectoractivity and fuel (inside the Region); the point source emissions also have stack
details.
State
To determine NO 2 , PM and O 3 related AQIs a nested chain of Eulerian models was
used. Air pollution concentrations have been simulated for the year 2010 using
NINFA, which includes CHIMERE (version 2008c), a Eulerian chemical transport
model. The range of scale was regional and urban; the spatial resolution was 5 km
by 5 km, with 40 vertical levels; the output consists of hourly concentrations. The
meteorological model used is COSMO17 (http://www.cosmo-model.org), with a
prognostic approach. The background contribution was determined as hourly
concentrations using the Prev’air model (http://www.prevair.org/en/modele.php).
The concentrations due to the local traffic/industry emissions were then further
refined to street level.
3 Current European AQ Planning at Regional …
63