244
local farmers and the local economy. With local buy-in, risk profiling can be scaled
out to the full range of agricultural commodities across the value chain. Climate risk
profiling was a key input in the design of the US$250 million IDA-World Bank
funded Kenya Climate-Smart Agriculture Project, for which Nyandarua is 1 of the
24 target counties.
Overall, our climate-risk analysis based on a value-chain approach showed that
stakeholders are aware of the impacts of climate change along different stages of the
value chain, and it revealed opportunities for adaptation in each of these stages. It also
showed that value-chain analysis must reach beyond climate risks. Value chains are
also vulnerable to pests and diseases; environmental degradation; changes in supply
or demand; price fluctuations; logistical and infrastructural risks; financial, monetary,
fiscal and tax policies; political risks; and security-related risks. Therefore, there is
need for more comprehensive risk analysis in order to protect and build value chains.
References
Allen CD, Macalady AK, Chenchouni H, Bachelet D, McDowell N, Vennetier M, Kitzberger T,
Rigling A, Breshears DD, Hogg ET, Gonzalez P (2010) A global overview of drought and
heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. For Ecol Manag
259(4):660–684
Ampaire E, Acosta M, Mwongera C, Läderach P, Eitzinger A, Lamanna C, Mwungu C, Shikuku
K, Twyman J, Winowiecki L (2017) Formulate equitable climate-smart agricultural policies.
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/89093. Accessed 3 Mar 2018
Brevik EC (2013) The potential impact of climate change on soil properties and processes and
corresponding influence on food security. Agriculture 3(3):398–417
Cheke RA, Tratalos JA (2007) Migration, patchiness, and population processes illustrated by two
migrant pests. AIBS Bull 57(2):145–154
Christensen, J. H. et al. (2007) ‘Regional Climate Projections’, in Solomon, S. et al. (eds) Climate
Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Report of the International Panel on Climate
Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press,
pp 847–940
Douglas I, Alam K, Maghenda M, Mcdonnell Y, McLean L, Campbell J (2008) Unjust waters:
climate change, flooding and the urban poor in Africa. Environ Urban 20(1):187–205
Engelbrecht F, Adegoke J, Bopape MJ, Naidoo M, Garland R, Thatcher M, McGregor J, Katzfey J,
Werner M, Ichoku C, Gatebe C (2015) Projections of rapidly rising surface temperatures over
Africa under low mitigation. Environ Res Lett 10(8):085004
Ericksen PJ (2008) What is the vulnerability of a food system to global environmental change?
Ecol Soc 13(2):14
FAO (2009) Climate change in Africa: The threat to agriculture. Food and Agricultural Organization
of the United Nations, Regional Office for Africa. Accra, Ghana, p 5
Fleming A, Hobday AJ, Farmery A, Van Putten EI, Pecl GT, Green BS, Lim-Camacho L (2014)
Climate change risks and adaptation options across Australian seafood supply chains–a preliminary assessment. Clim Risk Manag 1:39–50
Frich P, Alexander LV, Della-Marta PM, Gleason B, Haylock M, Tank AK, Peterson T (2002)
Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Clim Res 19(3):193–212
GOK (2014) Population and Housing Census 2009. Nairobi, Kenya. https://www.knbs.or.ke/2009kenya-population-and-housing-census-analytical-reports/. Accessed 3 Mar 2018
C. Mwongera et al.
local farmers and the local economy. With local buy-in, risk profiling can be scaled
out to the full range of agricultural commodities across the value chain. Climate risk
profiling was a key input in the design of the US$250 million IDA-World Bank
funded Kenya Climate-Smart Agriculture Project, for which Nyandarua is 1 of the
24 target counties.
Overall, our climate-risk analysis based on a value-chain approach showed that
stakeholders are aware of the impacts of climate change along different stages of the
value chain, and it revealed opportunities for adaptation in each of these stages. It also
showed that value-chain analysis must reach beyond climate risks. Value chains are
also vulnerable to pests and diseases; environmental degradation; changes in supply
or demand; price fluctuations; logistical and infrastructural risks; financial, monetary,
fiscal and tax policies; political risks; and security-related risks. Therefore, there is
need for more comprehensive risk analysis in order to protect and build value chains.
References
Allen CD, Macalady AK, Chenchouni H, Bachelet D, McDowell N, Vennetier M, Kitzberger T,
Rigling A, Breshears DD, Hogg ET, Gonzalez P (2010) A global overview of drought and
heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. For Ecol Manag
259(4):660–684
Ampaire E, Acosta M, Mwongera C, Läderach P, Eitzinger A, Lamanna C, Mwungu C, Shikuku
K, Twyman J, Winowiecki L (2017) Formulate equitable climate-smart agricultural policies.
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/89093. Accessed 3 Mar 2018
Brevik EC (2013) The potential impact of climate change on soil properties and processes and
corresponding influence on food security. Agriculture 3(3):398–417
Cheke RA, Tratalos JA (2007) Migration, patchiness, and population processes illustrated by two
migrant pests. AIBS Bull 57(2):145–154
Christensen, J. H. et al. (2007) ‘Regional Climate Projections’, in Solomon, S. et al. (eds) Climate
Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Report of the International Panel on Climate
Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press,
pp 847–940
Douglas I, Alam K, Maghenda M, Mcdonnell Y, McLean L, Campbell J (2008) Unjust waters:
climate change, flooding and the urban poor in Africa. Environ Urban 20(1):187–205
Engelbrecht F, Adegoke J, Bopape MJ, Naidoo M, Garland R, Thatcher M, McGregor J, Katzfey J,
Werner M, Ichoku C, Gatebe C (2015) Projections of rapidly rising surface temperatures over
Africa under low mitigation. Environ Res Lett 10(8):085004
Ericksen PJ (2008) What is the vulnerability of a food system to global environmental change?
Ecol Soc 13(2):14
FAO (2009) Climate change in Africa: The threat to agriculture. Food and Agricultural Organization
of the United Nations, Regional Office for Africa. Accra, Ghana, p 5
Fleming A, Hobday AJ, Farmery A, Van Putten EI, Pecl GT, Green BS, Lim-Camacho L (2014)
Climate change risks and adaptation options across Australian seafood supply chains–a preliminary assessment. Clim Risk Manag 1:39–50
Frich P, Alexander LV, Della-Marta PM, Gleason B, Haylock M, Tank AK, Peterson T (2002)
Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Clim Res 19(3):193–212
GOK (2014) Population and Housing Census 2009. Nairobi, Kenya. https://www.knbs.or.ke/2009kenya-population-and-housing-census-analytical-reports/. Accessed 3 Mar 2018
C. Mwongera et al.