124
material to farmers is essential. New approaches to more effectively reach farmers
with planting material are required, such as a greater emphasis on business and
technical training of local suppliers, including small-scale tree nurseries.
Of course, farmers simply producing more NOC will not in itself lead to the
enhanced nutrition of consumers in SSA, as there are many additional interconnecting factors that determine individuals’ diets, including culture, economics, policies
and agro-environments. This means that a systems-oriented approach is crucial in
future research, in which the many additional current barriers limiting NOC integration are properly considered, including market constraints and consumers’ behaviour. The creation of interdisciplinary research and development teams to address
multiple system-level constraints, across geographic scales, and targeted to different
future challenges of which climate change is only one, is thus a priority.
References
AOCC (2018) African Orphan Crops Consortium. https://www.africanorphancrops.org/. Accessed
12 Jan 2018
Alfaro RI, Fady B, Vendramin GG et al (2014) The role of forest genetic resources in responding
to biotic and abiotic factors in the context of anthropogenic climate change. For Ecol Manag
333:76–87
Altieri MA, Nicholls CI, Henao A et al (2015) Agroecology and the design of climate changeresilient farming systems. Agron Sustain Dev 35:869–890
Covic N, Hendricks S (2016) Introduction. In: Covic N, Hendriks S (eds) Achieving a nutrition
revolution for Africa: the road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition. ReSAKSS Annual
Trends and Outlook Report 2015. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington,
DC
Dawson IK, Vinceti B, Weber JC et al (2011) Climate change and tree genetic resource management: maintaining and enhancing the productivity and value of smallholder tropical agroforestry landscapes. A review. Agrofor Syst 81:67–78
Dawson IK, Attwood SJ, Park SE et al (2018a) Contributions of biodiversity to the sustainable intensification of food production. Thematic study to support the State of the World’s
Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Rome in press
Dawson IK, Hendre P, Powell W et al (2018b) Supporting human nutrition in Africa through the
integration of new and orphan crops into food systems: placing the work of the African Orphan
Crops Consortium in context. ICRAF Working Paper. International Centre for Research in
Agroforestry, Nairobi
FAOSTAT (2017) Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database. www.fao.
org/faostat/. Accessed 20 Nov 2017
Garibaldi LA, Aizen MA, Klein AM et al (2011) Global growth and stability of agricultural yield
decrease with pollinator dependence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:5909–5914
von Grebmer K, Saltzman A, Birol E et al (2014) 2014 Global hunger index: the challenge of
hidden hunger. Deutsche Welthungerhilfe, Bonn with the International Food Policy Research
Institute, Washington, DC
Hickey JM, Chiurugwi T, Mackay I et al (2017) Genomic prediction unifies animal and plant
breeding programs to form platforms for biological discovery. Nat Genet 49:297–1303
Khoury CK, Bjorkman AD, Dempewolf H et al (2014) Increasing homogeneity in global food supplies and the implications for food security. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:4001–4006
I. K. Dawson et al.
material to farmers is essential. New approaches to more effectively reach farmers
with planting material are required, such as a greater emphasis on business and
technical training of local suppliers, including small-scale tree nurseries.
Of course, farmers simply producing more NOC will not in itself lead to the
enhanced nutrition of consumers in SSA, as there are many additional interconnecting factors that determine individuals’ diets, including culture, economics, policies
and agro-environments. This means that a systems-oriented approach is crucial in
future research, in which the many additional current barriers limiting NOC integration are properly considered, including market constraints and consumers’ behaviour. The creation of interdisciplinary research and development teams to address
multiple system-level constraints, across geographic scales, and targeted to different
future challenges of which climate change is only one, is thus a priority.
References
AOCC (2018) African Orphan Crops Consortium. https://www.africanorphancrops.org/. Accessed
12 Jan 2018
Alfaro RI, Fady B, Vendramin GG et al (2014) The role of forest genetic resources in responding
to biotic and abiotic factors in the context of anthropogenic climate change. For Ecol Manag
333:76–87
Altieri MA, Nicholls CI, Henao A et al (2015) Agroecology and the design of climate changeresilient farming systems. Agron Sustain Dev 35:869–890
Covic N, Hendricks S (2016) Introduction. In: Covic N, Hendriks S (eds) Achieving a nutrition
revolution for Africa: the road to healthier diets and optimal nutrition. ReSAKSS Annual
Trends and Outlook Report 2015. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington,
DC
Dawson IK, Vinceti B, Weber JC et al (2011) Climate change and tree genetic resource management: maintaining and enhancing the productivity and value of smallholder tropical agroforestry landscapes. A review. Agrofor Syst 81:67–78
Dawson IK, Attwood SJ, Park SE et al (2018a) Contributions of biodiversity to the sustainable intensification of food production. Thematic study to support the State of the World’s
Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Rome in press
Dawson IK, Hendre P, Powell W et al (2018b) Supporting human nutrition in Africa through the
integration of new and orphan crops into food systems: placing the work of the African Orphan
Crops Consortium in context. ICRAF Working Paper. International Centre for Research in
Agroforestry, Nairobi
FAOSTAT (2017) Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database. www.fao.
org/faostat/. Accessed 20 Nov 2017
Garibaldi LA, Aizen MA, Klein AM et al (2011) Global growth and stability of agricultural yield
decrease with pollinator dependence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:5909–5914
von Grebmer K, Saltzman A, Birol E et al (2014) 2014 Global hunger index: the challenge of
hidden hunger. Deutsche Welthungerhilfe, Bonn with the International Food Policy Research
Institute, Washington, DC
Hickey JM, Chiurugwi T, Mackay I et al (2017) Genomic prediction unifies animal and plant
breeding programs to form platforms for biological discovery. Nat Genet 49:297–1303
Khoury CK, Bjorkman AD, Dempewolf H et al (2014) Increasing homogeneity in global food supplies and the implications for food security. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:4001–4006
I. K. Dawson et al.