158
D. K. Pandey et al.
Fig. 6 Various applications of Raman spectroscopy
carbon, two-dimensional dichalcogenides, archaeological materials, etc.), biological applications, food and agriculture, and in forensic science. Figure 6 portrays a
schematic of the summary of numerous applications of Raman spectroscopy. The
following subsection distinctly discusses briefly the novel applications of Raman
spectroscopy.
4.1 Study of Hydrogen Bonding (HB)
Intermolecular interactions play a pivotal role in understanding the mechanism of
various chemical, biological and physical processes [20–24]. Hydrogen bonding
(HB), which is of crucial importance for chemical structures and reactivity, is one of
the most important intermolecular interactions, especially in chemical and biological
systems, and has been investigated extensively [25, 26]. In particular, it serves an
important role in intermolecular identification, supramolecular design, crystal engineering and biological processes [27, 28]. It also plays a key role in determining
the different properties of certain molecular systems, such as binary mixtures of
the various solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), etc., which are significant for the myriad
applications. Since most biological processes occur in the liquid state (in the water
environment) and above described molecular systems often remain in liquid condition. Therefore, in the liquid phase, where even the formation and cleavage of these
compounds occur rapidly, Raman spectroscopy is perfectly suited for the study of HB
as this may expose both structural and dynamic aspects in the liquid phase [29, 30].
The line width in Raman spectra provides knowledge about molecular dynamics,
while a vibrational band’s wave number position is related to the corresponding
force constant, which depends on the electronic structure and bonding. HB analysis in different systems like water may provide a wealth of knowledge about their
D. K. Pandey et al.
Fig. 6 Various applications of Raman spectroscopy
carbon, two-dimensional dichalcogenides, archaeological materials, etc.), biological applications, food and agriculture, and in forensic science. Figure 6 portrays a
schematic of the summary of numerous applications of Raman spectroscopy. The
following subsection distinctly discusses briefly the novel applications of Raman
spectroscopy.
4.1 Study of Hydrogen Bonding (HB)
Intermolecular interactions play a pivotal role in understanding the mechanism of
various chemical, biological and physical processes [20–24]. Hydrogen bonding
(HB), which is of crucial importance for chemical structures and reactivity, is one of
the most important intermolecular interactions, especially in chemical and biological
systems, and has been investigated extensively [25, 26]. In particular, it serves an
important role in intermolecular identification, supramolecular design, crystal engineering and biological processes [27, 28]. It also plays a key role in determining
the different properties of certain molecular systems, such as binary mixtures of
the various solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), etc., which are significant for the myriad
applications. Since most biological processes occur in the liquid state (in the water
environment) and above described molecular systems often remain in liquid condition. Therefore, in the liquid phase, where even the formation and cleavage of these
compounds occur rapidly, Raman spectroscopy is perfectly suited for the study of HB
as this may expose both structural and dynamic aspects in the liquid phase [29, 30].
The line width in Raman spectra provides knowledge about molecular dynamics,
while a vibrational band’s wave number position is related to the corresponding
force constant, which depends on the electronic structure and bonding. HB analysis in different systems like water may provide a wealth of knowledge about their