van der Grift, E. A. (1999). Mammals and railroads: Impacts and management implications. Lutra,
42, 77–98.
van der Ree, R., Smith, D. J., & Grilo, C. (2015). Handbook of road ecology. West Sussex: Wiley.
van Why, K. R., & Chamberlain, M. J. (2003). Mortality of black bears, Ursus americanus,
associated with elevated train trestles. Canadian Field Naturalist, 117, 113–115.
Vandevelde, J.-C., Bouhours, A., Julien, J.-F., Couvet, D., & Kerbiriou, C. (2014). Activity of
European common bats along railway verges. Ecological Engineering, 64, 49–56.
Vandevelde, J.-C., Penone, C., & Julliard, R. (2012). High-speed railways are not barriers to
Pyronia tithonus butterfly movements. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16, 801–803.
Waller, J. S., & Servheen, C. (2005). Effects of transportation infrastructure on grizzly bears in
northwestern Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management, 69, 985–1000.
Waterman, E., Tulp, I., Reijnen, R., Krijgsveld, K., & Braak, C. (2002). Disturbance of meadow
birds by railway noise in The Netherlands. Geluid, 1, 2–3.
Wells, P., Woods, J. G., Bridgewater, G., & Morrison, H. (1999). Wildlife mortalities on railways;
Monitoring methods and mitigation strategies. In G. Evink, P. Garrett, & D. Zeigler (Eds.),
Proceedings of the third international conference on wildlife ecology and transportation
(pp. 237–246). Tallahassee: Florida Department of Transportation.
Whittington, J., Hebblewhite, M., DeCesare, N. J., Neufeld, L., Bradley, M., Wilmshurst, J., et al.
(2011). Caribou encounters with wolves increase near roads and trails: A time-to-event
approach. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, 1535–1542.
Wiącek, J., Polak, M., Filipiuk, M., Kucharczyk, M., & Bohatkiewicz, J. (2015). Do birds avoid
railroads as has been found for roads? Environmental Management, 56, 643–652.
Wrzesień, M., Jachuła, J., & Denisow, B. (2016). Railway embankments—Refuge areas for food
flora, and pollinators in agricultural landscape. Journal of Apicultural Science, 60, 97–110.
Xia, L., Yang, Q., Li, Z., Wu, Y., & Feng, Z. (2007). The effect of the Qinghai-Tibet railway on
the migration of Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii in Hoh-xil National Nature Reserve,
China. Oryx, 41, 352–357.
Yanes, M., Velasco, J. M., & Suaréz, F. (1995). Permeability of roads and railways to vertebrates:
The importance of culverts. Biological Conservation, 71, 217–222.
Yang, J., Jiang, Z., Zeng, Y., Turghan, M., Fang, H., & Li, C. (2011). Effect of anthropogenic
landscape features on population genetic differentiation of Przewalski’s Gazelle: Main role of
human settlement. PLoS ONE, 6, e20144.
Yang, Q., & Xia, L. (2008). Tibetan wildlife is getting used to the railway. Nature, 452, 810–811.
Zuberogoitia, I., del Real, J., Torres, J. J., Rodríguez, L., Alonso, M., de Alba, V., et al. (2015).
Testing pole barriers as feasible mitigation measure to avoid bird vehicle collisions (BVC).
Ecological Engineering, 83, 144–151.
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
64
R. Barrientos and L. Borda-de-Água
42, 77–98.
van der Ree, R., Smith, D. J., & Grilo, C. (2015). Handbook of road ecology. West Sussex: Wiley.
van Why, K. R., & Chamberlain, M. J. (2003). Mortality of black bears, Ursus americanus,
associated with elevated train trestles. Canadian Field Naturalist, 117, 113–115.
Vandevelde, J.-C., Bouhours, A., Julien, J.-F., Couvet, D., & Kerbiriou, C. (2014). Activity of
European common bats along railway verges. Ecological Engineering, 64, 49–56.
Vandevelde, J.-C., Penone, C., & Julliard, R. (2012). High-speed railways are not barriers to
Pyronia tithonus butterfly movements. Journal of Insect Conservation, 16, 801–803.
Waller, J. S., & Servheen, C. (2005). Effects of transportation infrastructure on grizzly bears in
northwestern Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management, 69, 985–1000.
Waterman, E., Tulp, I., Reijnen, R., Krijgsveld, K., & Braak, C. (2002). Disturbance of meadow
birds by railway noise in The Netherlands. Geluid, 1, 2–3.
Wells, P., Woods, J. G., Bridgewater, G., & Morrison, H. (1999). Wildlife mortalities on railways;
Monitoring methods and mitigation strategies. In G. Evink, P. Garrett, & D. Zeigler (Eds.),
Proceedings of the third international conference on wildlife ecology and transportation
(pp. 237–246). Tallahassee: Florida Department of Transportation.
Whittington, J., Hebblewhite, M., DeCesare, N. J., Neufeld, L., Bradley, M., Wilmshurst, J., et al.
(2011). Caribou encounters with wolves increase near roads and trails: A time-to-event
approach. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, 1535–1542.
Wiącek, J., Polak, M., Filipiuk, M., Kucharczyk, M., & Bohatkiewicz, J. (2015). Do birds avoid
railroads as has been found for roads? Environmental Management, 56, 643–652.
Wrzesień, M., Jachuła, J., & Denisow, B. (2016). Railway embankments—Refuge areas for food
flora, and pollinators in agricultural landscape. Journal of Apicultural Science, 60, 97–110.
Xia, L., Yang, Q., Li, Z., Wu, Y., & Feng, Z. (2007). The effect of the Qinghai-Tibet railway on
the migration of Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii in Hoh-xil National Nature Reserve,
China. Oryx, 41, 352–357.
Yanes, M., Velasco, J. M., & Suaréz, F. (1995). Permeability of roads and railways to vertebrates:
The importance of culverts. Biological Conservation, 71, 217–222.
Yang, J., Jiang, Z., Zeng, Y., Turghan, M., Fang, H., & Li, C. (2011). Effect of anthropogenic
landscape features on population genetic differentiation of Przewalski’s Gazelle: Main role of
human settlement. PLoS ONE, 6, e20144.
Yang, Q., & Xia, L. (2008). Tibetan wildlife is getting used to the railway. Nature, 452, 810–811.
Zuberogoitia, I., del Real, J., Torres, J. J., Rodríguez, L., Alonso, M., de Alba, V., et al. (2015).
Testing pole barriers as feasible mitigation measure to avoid bird vehicle collisions (BVC).
Ecological Engineering, 83, 144–151.
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
64
R. Barrientos and L. Borda-de-Água