considered common within the adjacent natural areas (Budzic and Budzic 2014;
Heske 2015; van der Grift and Kuijsters 1998). However, determining the impacts
of high-speed railways is crucial because this type of railway is expanding rapidly
across the world. We expect that the differences in noise levels, speed and the
common fencing practices in high-speed lines promotes different impacts between
these and the traditional rails (Dorsey et al. 2015).
Acknowledgements We would like to thank Infraestruturas de Portugal, and in particular João
Morais Sarmento, Ana Cristina Martins, Cândida Osório de Castro and Graça Garcia, without
which this book would not have been possible.
We also would like to thank Sasha Vasconcelos for her willingness to help with our constant
questions on English.
Finally, we would like to thank Margaret Deignan at Springer for her invaluable help in putting
together this book.
References
Beebee, T. J. C. (2013). Effects of road mortality and mitigation measures on amphibian
populations: Amphibians and roads. Conservation Biology, 27, 657–668.
Belant, J. L. (1995). Moose collisions with vehicles and trains in Northeastern Minnesota. Alces,
31, 1–8.
Boscagli, G. (1987). Brown bear mortality in central Italy from 1970 to 1984. International
Conference on Bear Research and Management, 7, 97–98.
Budzic, K. A., & Budzic, K. M. (2014). A preliminary report of amphibian mortality patterns on
railways. Acta Herpetologica, 9, 103–107.
Carvalho, F., & Mira, A. (2011). Comparing annual vertebrate road kills over two time periods,
9 years apart: A case study in Mediterranean farmland. European Journal Wildlife Research,
57, 157–174.
Child, K. (1983). Railways and moose in the central interior of BC: A recurrent management
problem. Alces, 19, 118–135.
Davenport, J., & Davenport, J. L. (Eds.). (2006). The ecology of transportation: Managing
mobility for the environment. Dordrecht: Springer.
Deka, R. N., & Sarma, K. K. (2012). Pattern recognition based anti collision device optimized for
elephant-train confrontation. IRNet Transactions on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 1
(2), 92–97.
Dorsey, B., Olsson, M., & Rew, L. J. (2015). Ecological effects of railways on wildlife. In R. van
der Ree, D. J. Smith, & C. Grilo (Eds.), Handbook of road ecology (pp. 219–227). West
Sussex: Wiley.
Eriksson, C. (2014). Does tree removal along railroads in Sweden influence the risk of train
accidents with moose and roe deer? Dissertation, Second cycle, A2E. Grimsö och Uppsala:
SLU, Dept. of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station.
Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J. A., Clevenger, A. P., Cutshall, C. D., Dale, V. H.,
et al. (2003). Road ecology: Science and solutions. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Gibeau, M. L., & Herrero, S. (1998). Roads, rails and Grizzly bears in the Bow River Valley,
Alberta. In G. L. Evink, P. Garrett, D. Zeigler, & J. Berry (Eds.), Proceedings of the
international conference on wildlife ecology and transportation (pp. 104–108). Florida
Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Gibeau, M. L., & Heuer, K. (1996). Effects of transportation corridors on large carnivores in the
Bow River Valley, Alberta. In G. L. Evink, P. Garrett, D. Zeigler, & J. Berry (Eds.),
20
S.M. Santos et al.
Heske 2015; van der Grift and Kuijsters 1998). However, determining the impacts
of high-speed railways is crucial because this type of railway is expanding rapidly
across the world. We expect that the differences in noise levels, speed and the
common fencing practices in high-speed lines promotes different impacts between
these and the traditional rails (Dorsey et al. 2015).
Acknowledgements We would like to thank Infraestruturas de Portugal, and in particular João
Morais Sarmento, Ana Cristina Martins, Cândida Osório de Castro and Graça Garcia, without
which this book would not have been possible.
We also would like to thank Sasha Vasconcelos for her willingness to help with our constant
questions on English.
Finally, we would like to thank Margaret Deignan at Springer for her invaluable help in putting
together this book.
References
Beebee, T. J. C. (2013). Effects of road mortality and mitigation measures on amphibian
populations: Amphibians and roads. Conservation Biology, 27, 657–668.
Belant, J. L. (1995). Moose collisions with vehicles and trains in Northeastern Minnesota. Alces,
31, 1–8.
Boscagli, G. (1987). Brown bear mortality in central Italy from 1970 to 1984. International
Conference on Bear Research and Management, 7, 97–98.
Budzic, K. A., & Budzic, K. M. (2014). A preliminary report of amphibian mortality patterns on
railways. Acta Herpetologica, 9, 103–107.
Carvalho, F., & Mira, A. (2011). Comparing annual vertebrate road kills over two time periods,
9 years apart: A case study in Mediterranean farmland. European Journal Wildlife Research,
57, 157–174.
Child, K. (1983). Railways and moose in the central interior of BC: A recurrent management
problem. Alces, 19, 118–135.
Davenport, J., & Davenport, J. L. (Eds.). (2006). The ecology of transportation: Managing
mobility for the environment. Dordrecht: Springer.
Deka, R. N., & Sarma, K. K. (2012). Pattern recognition based anti collision device optimized for
elephant-train confrontation. IRNet Transactions on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 1
(2), 92–97.
Dorsey, B., Olsson, M., & Rew, L. J. (2015). Ecological effects of railways on wildlife. In R. van
der Ree, D. J. Smith, & C. Grilo (Eds.), Handbook of road ecology (pp. 219–227). West
Sussex: Wiley.
Eriksson, C. (2014). Does tree removal along railroads in Sweden influence the risk of train
accidents with moose and roe deer? Dissertation, Second cycle, A2E. Grimsö och Uppsala:
SLU, Dept. of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station.
Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J. A., Clevenger, A. P., Cutshall, C. D., Dale, V. H.,
et al. (2003). Road ecology: Science and solutions. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Gibeau, M. L., & Herrero, S. (1998). Roads, rails and Grizzly bears in the Bow River Valley,
Alberta. In G. L. Evink, P. Garrett, D. Zeigler, & J. Berry (Eds.), Proceedings of the
international conference on wildlife ecology and transportation (pp. 104–108). Florida
Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Gibeau, M. L., & Heuer, K. (1996). Effects of transportation corridors on large carnivores in the
Bow River Valley, Alberta. In G. L. Evink, P. Garrett, D. Zeigler, & J. Berry (Eds.),
20
S.M. Santos et al.