Cho, Y., Park, D. S., Lee, J. Y., Yung, W. S., Kim, H. M., & Lim, J. I. (2008). Dry cleaning of
railroad ballast gravels by blasting with thermosetting plastic resin powder. In Proceedings of
8th World Congress on Railway Research, Coex, Seoul, Korea (pp. 18–22).
Clausen, U., Doll, C., Franklin, F. J., Heinrichmeyer, H., Kochsiek, J., Rothengatter, W., et al.
(2010). Reducing railway noise pollution. Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy
Department B: Structural and cohesion policies. Transport and Tourism, European Parliament.
Clauzel, C., Girardet, X., & Foltête, J. C. (2013). Impact assessment of a high-speed railway line
on species distribution: Application to the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) in
Franche-Comté. Journal of Environmental Management, 127, 125–134.
Collins, S. (2004). Vocal fighting and flirting: The functions of birdsong. In P. Marler & H.
Slabbekoorn (Eds.), Nature’s music: The science of birdsong (pp. 39–79). San Diego,
California: Academic/Elsevier.
CTA. (2015). Railway noise measurement and reporting methodology. Retrieved February 3,
2016, from https://www.otc-cta.gc.ca/eng/railway_noise_measurement
Czop, P., & Mendrok, K. (2011). A new method for operational monitoring of railway tracks to
reduce environmental noise. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20, 311–316.
Delgado, J. D., Arroyo, N. L., Arevalo, J. R., & Fernandez-Palacios, J. (2007). Edge effect of roads
on temperature, light, canopy cover, and canopy height in laurel and pine forests. Landscape
and Urban Planning, 81, 328–340.
Di Palma, L., Gonzini, O., & Mecozzi, R. (2011). Use of different chelating agents for heavy metal
extraction from contaminated harbour sediment. Chemistry and Ecology, 27, 97–106.
Di Palma, L., Mancini, D., & Petrucci, E. (2012). Experimental assessment of chromium
mobilization from polluted soil by washing. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 28, 145–150.
Di Palma, L., & Petrucci, E. (2015). Treatment and recovery of contaminated railway ballast.
Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 38, 248–255.
Eigenbrod, F., Hecnar, S. J., & Fahrig, L. (2009). Quantifying the road effect zone: Threshold
effects of a motorway on anuran populations in Ontario, Canada. Ecology and Society, 14, 18–
24.
EN. (2004). Reptiles: Guidelines for developers. English Nature. Northampton: Belmont Press.
Fahrig, L., & Rytwinski, T. (2009). Effects of roads on animal abundance: An empirical review
and synthesis. Ecology and Society, 14, 21.
Ferrell, S. M., & Lautala, P. T. (2010). Rail embankment stabilization on permafrost. London:
Global Experiences.
FHWA, Federal Highway Administration. (2011). Highway traffic noise barriers at a glance.
Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Transportation.
Forman, R. T., & Alexander, L. E. (1998). Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual
Review of Ecology and Systematics, 207-C2.
Fox, J. L., Bhattarai, S. P., & Gyasi-Agyei, Y. (2010). Evaluation of different seed mixtures for
grass establishment to mitigate soil erosion on steep slopes of railway batters. Journal of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 137, 624–631.
Gautier, P. E., Poisson, F., & Letourneaux, F. (2008). High speed trains external noise: A review
of measurements and source models for the TGV case up to 360 km/h. In Proceedings of the
8th world congress on railway research (pp. 1-1).
Ge, Y., Murray, P., Sauvé, S., & Hendershot, W. (2003). Low metal bioavailability in a
contaminated urban site. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21, 954–961.
Gibeau, M. L., & Herrero, S. (1998). Roads, rails, and grizzly bears in the Bow River Valley,
Alberta. In G. L. Evink (Ed.), Proceedings of the international conference on ecology and
transportation (pp. 104–108), Florida Dept. of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Graitson, E. (2006). Répartition et écologie des reptiles sur le réseau ferroviaire en Wallonie.
Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique, 120, 15–32.
Gregorich, E. G., Greer, K. L., Anderson, D. W., & Liang, B. C. (1998). Carbon distribution and
losses: Erosion and deposition effects. Soil and Tillage Research, 47, 291–302.
Ghosh, S., Kim, K., & Bhattacharya, R. (2010). A survey on house sparrow population decline at
Bandel, West Bengal, India. Journal Korean Earth Science Society, 31, 448–453.
6 Railway Disturbances on Wildlife: Types, Effects, and Mitigation …
95
railroad ballast gravels by blasting with thermosetting plastic resin powder. In Proceedings of
8th World Congress on Railway Research, Coex, Seoul, Korea (pp. 18–22).
Clausen, U., Doll, C., Franklin, F. J., Heinrichmeyer, H., Kochsiek, J., Rothengatter, W., et al.
(2010). Reducing railway noise pollution. Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy
Department B: Structural and cohesion policies. Transport and Tourism, European Parliament.
Clauzel, C., Girardet, X., & Foltête, J. C. (2013). Impact assessment of a high-speed railway line
on species distribution: Application to the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) in
Franche-Comté. Journal of Environmental Management, 127, 125–134.
Collins, S. (2004). Vocal fighting and flirting: The functions of birdsong. In P. Marler & H.
Slabbekoorn (Eds.), Nature’s music: The science of birdsong (pp. 39–79). San Diego,
California: Academic/Elsevier.
CTA. (2015). Railway noise measurement and reporting methodology. Retrieved February 3,
2016, from https://www.otc-cta.gc.ca/eng/railway_noise_measurement
Czop, P., & Mendrok, K. (2011). A new method for operational monitoring of railway tracks to
reduce environmental noise. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20, 311–316.
Delgado, J. D., Arroyo, N. L., Arevalo, J. R., & Fernandez-Palacios, J. (2007). Edge effect of roads
on temperature, light, canopy cover, and canopy height in laurel and pine forests. Landscape
and Urban Planning, 81, 328–340.
Di Palma, L., Gonzini, O., & Mecozzi, R. (2011). Use of different chelating agents for heavy metal
extraction from contaminated harbour sediment. Chemistry and Ecology, 27, 97–106.
Di Palma, L., Mancini, D., & Petrucci, E. (2012). Experimental assessment of chromium
mobilization from polluted soil by washing. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 28, 145–150.
Di Palma, L., & Petrucci, E. (2015). Treatment and recovery of contaminated railway ballast.
Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 38, 248–255.
Eigenbrod, F., Hecnar, S. J., & Fahrig, L. (2009). Quantifying the road effect zone: Threshold
effects of a motorway on anuran populations in Ontario, Canada. Ecology and Society, 14, 18–
24.
EN. (2004). Reptiles: Guidelines for developers. English Nature. Northampton: Belmont Press.
Fahrig, L., & Rytwinski, T. (2009). Effects of roads on animal abundance: An empirical review
and synthesis. Ecology and Society, 14, 21.
Ferrell, S. M., & Lautala, P. T. (2010). Rail embankment stabilization on permafrost. London:
Global Experiences.
FHWA, Federal Highway Administration. (2011). Highway traffic noise barriers at a glance.
Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Transportation.
Forman, R. T., & Alexander, L. E. (1998). Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual
Review of Ecology and Systematics, 207-C2.
Fox, J. L., Bhattarai, S. P., & Gyasi-Agyei, Y. (2010). Evaluation of different seed mixtures for
grass establishment to mitigate soil erosion on steep slopes of railway batters. Journal of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 137, 624–631.
Gautier, P. E., Poisson, F., & Letourneaux, F. (2008). High speed trains external noise: A review
of measurements and source models for the TGV case up to 360 km/h. In Proceedings of the
8th world congress on railway research (pp. 1-1).
Ge, Y., Murray, P., Sauvé, S., & Hendershot, W. (2003). Low metal bioavailability in a
contaminated urban site. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21, 954–961.
Gibeau, M. L., & Herrero, S. (1998). Roads, rails, and grizzly bears in the Bow River Valley,
Alberta. In G. L. Evink (Ed.), Proceedings of the international conference on ecology and
transportation (pp. 104–108), Florida Dept. of Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Graitson, E. (2006). Répartition et écologie des reptiles sur le réseau ferroviaire en Wallonie.
Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique, 120, 15–32.
Gregorich, E. G., Greer, K. L., Anderson, D. W., & Liang, B. C. (1998). Carbon distribution and
losses: Erosion and deposition effects. Soil and Tillage Research, 47, 291–302.
Ghosh, S., Kim, K., & Bhattacharya, R. (2010). A survey on house sparrow population decline at
Bandel, West Bengal, India. Journal Korean Earth Science Society, 31, 448–453.
6 Railway Disturbances on Wildlife: Types, Effects, and Mitigation …
95