they found the presence of highly rotating molecular disks in 16 galaxies. Among
them, they suggested the existence of massive black holes in nine galactic nuclei,
including our Galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy (M31).Table 7.6 gives the list of
galaxies with possible massive black hole candidates (Moran et al. 1996).
As seen in Table 7.6, massive black holes widely exist in the centers of various
types of galaxies including normal and active galaxies.
7.8 Galaxies
7.8.1 Observations in Early Postwar Phase
The 188-cm telescope of the OAO, particularly by the installation of the image
intensifier at the Cassegrain focus, opened a new window to the physics of galaxies
in Japan in 1969.
In the early 1970s, Karoji Hiroshi and Kodaira Keiichi of the University of Tokyo
observed an extremely compact galaxy CGCG 1622–4112 (Catalogue of Galaxies
and Clusters of Galaxies, Zwicky and Herzog 1966). This galaxy appears almost
stellar, surrounded by a faint halo. Emission lines in Balmer series, HeII, and
forbidden lines of [OIII] and [NIII] were measurable. From the analysis of these
lines, they found that this galaxy is closely related to Seyfert galaxies in its activity,
while the absolute magnitude is low in the range of normal galaxies (Karoji and
Kodaira 1972).
In Kyoto, Sakka Kazushi, Wakamatsu Ken’ichi and Oka Shozaburo carried out
imaging, photometric and spectroscopic observations of a hot-spot-nucleus galaxy
NGC 2782, which was once classified as a member of Seyfert galaxies, though
questioned thereafter. NGC 2782 has 4 hot spots near the center, and one of them
coincides with its galactic center. These spots were large scale ionized clouds excited
by a lot of OB stars. The central spot was furthermore a source of strong infrared and
Table 7.6 Galaxies with possible massive black holes (Moran et al. 1996)
Galaxy
Hubble
Distance
Massive black hole
Type
Mpc
Mass
Diameter
Density
10
6
M ☉
pc
10
6
M ☉ pc
À3
Our Gal.
0.0055
2
0.3
90
M32
E2
0.7
2
0.7
12
M31
Sb
0.7
30
0.7
160
NGC 4258
Sb
6.4
35
0.26
3800
NGC 3115
S0
8.4
1000
10
2
NGC 4594
Sb
9.2
500
18
0.2
NGC 3377
E5
9.9
80
24
0.01
M87
E6
15
2400
36
0.1
NGC 4261
E2–3
30
1200
14
0.5
7.8 Galaxies
225
them, they suggested the existence of massive black holes in nine galactic nuclei,
including our Galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy (M31).Table 7.6 gives the list of
galaxies with possible massive black hole candidates (Moran et al. 1996).
As seen in Table 7.6, massive black holes widely exist in the centers of various
types of galaxies including normal and active galaxies.
7.8 Galaxies
7.8.1 Observations in Early Postwar Phase
The 188-cm telescope of the OAO, particularly by the installation of the image
intensifier at the Cassegrain focus, opened a new window to the physics of galaxies
in Japan in 1969.
In the early 1970s, Karoji Hiroshi and Kodaira Keiichi of the University of Tokyo
observed an extremely compact galaxy CGCG 1622–4112 (Catalogue of Galaxies
and Clusters of Galaxies, Zwicky and Herzog 1966). This galaxy appears almost
stellar, surrounded by a faint halo. Emission lines in Balmer series, HeII, and
forbidden lines of [OIII] and [NIII] were measurable. From the analysis of these
lines, they found that this galaxy is closely related to Seyfert galaxies in its activity,
while the absolute magnitude is low in the range of normal galaxies (Karoji and
Kodaira 1972).
In Kyoto, Sakka Kazushi, Wakamatsu Ken’ichi and Oka Shozaburo carried out
imaging, photometric and spectroscopic observations of a hot-spot-nucleus galaxy
NGC 2782, which was once classified as a member of Seyfert galaxies, though
questioned thereafter. NGC 2782 has 4 hot spots near the center, and one of them
coincides with its galactic center. These spots were large scale ionized clouds excited
by a lot of OB stars. The central spot was furthermore a source of strong infrared and
Table 7.6 Galaxies with possible massive black holes (Moran et al. 1996)
Galaxy
Hubble
Distance
Massive black hole
Type
Mpc
Mass
Diameter
Density
10
6
M ☉
pc
10
6
M ☉ pc
À3
Our Gal.
0.0055
2
0.3
90
M32
E2
0.7
2
0.7
12
M31
Sb
0.7
30
0.7
160
NGC 4258
Sb
6.4
35
0.26
3800
NGC 3115
S0
8.4
1000
10
2
NGC 4594
Sb
9.2
500
18
0.2
NGC 3377
E5
9.9
80
24
0.01
M87
E6
15
2400
36
0.1
NGC 4261
E2–3
30
1200
14
0.5
7.8 Galaxies
225