4 Trade-off Between Embodied and Operational Energy
Figure 2 illustrates the per capita operational, capital turnover, and total energy
required for each DLS component in India and Brazil respectively. Note that both
the operational and capital turnover energy represent a future scenario where
0
5
10
15
Food (producƟon)
Cooking
RefrigeraƟon
Clothing
Housing
Space CondiƟoning
LighƟng
Water Supply
SanitaƟon
Healthcare
EducaƟon
CommunicaƟons
Television
Transport
Primary Energy (GJ/cap y)
Brazil
Capital Turnover
OperaƟon
0
5
10
15
Food (producƟon)
Cooking
RefrigeraƟon
Clothing
Housing
Space CondiƟoning
LighƟng
Water Supply
SanitaƟon
Healthcare
EducaƟon
CommunicaƟons
Television
Transport
Primary Energy (GJ/cap y)
India
Capital turnover
OperaƟon
Fig. 2 Illustrative energy requirements to provide decent living standards in India and Brazil,
showing capital turnover and operating energy. Note Space conditioning includes hot water
production
Applying LCA to Estimate Development Energy Needs …
401