to the integration of LCA data into the CityGML is related to the diversity of data
needed, and to its quality, which can affect the precision of the results.
Data needs have been identified based on our experience from the development
of the building LCA tool Elodie [12] and based on data requirements of the future
French building regulation 2020 initiated by the “Energy- Carbon” labelling process [13]. Depending on the objective of the LCA study, and the data availability, a
screening, simplified or complete/detailed LCA approach can be applied [14]. In
this paper, we focus on data structuring for the environmental evaluation of
building objects and energy consumption during use. Data structuring for environmental evaluation of other objects such as transport or utility infrastructures are
not addressed in this work. Data needs considered in this work for environmental
evaluation at urban scale of building objects can be structured into three categories,
which are described below.
2.2.1 Building Object: General Data
General information, related to each building object inside the area under study is
included into this module of data. The geometry of the building, height, number of
floors and floor area are used for the quantification of construction materials when
detailed data is not available. The building typology (e.g. individual house, collective dwelling, office building …) is also needed when no detailed data about
construction materials is available. This will mainly help the application of environmental indicators ratios for the evaluation depending on the typology. Other
general data, such as construction year, number of occupants, housing units, type of
operation (new construction or renovation) has to be collected. Table 2
Table 2 Data needs for
building object, general data
Data needs
Type (unit if specified)
Building typology
CodeList
Floor area
Decimal (m
2
)
Geometry
Geometry
Construction year
Date
Number of storeys
Integer
Height
Decimal
Type of operation
CodeList
Number of occupants
Integer
Housing units
Integer
Glazing ratio
Decimal
Renovation actions
String
Main structure type
CodeList
Main structural material
CodeList
Main filling material in facade
CodeList
Foundation type
CodeList
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285
needed, and to its quality, which can affect the precision of the results.
Data needs have been identified based on our experience from the development
of the building LCA tool Elodie [12] and based on data requirements of the future
French building regulation 2020 initiated by the “Energy- Carbon” labelling process [13]. Depending on the objective of the LCA study, and the data availability, a
screening, simplified or complete/detailed LCA approach can be applied [14]. In
this paper, we focus on data structuring for the environmental evaluation of
building objects and energy consumption during use. Data structuring for environmental evaluation of other objects such as transport or utility infrastructures are
not addressed in this work. Data needs considered in this work for environmental
evaluation at urban scale of building objects can be structured into three categories,
which are described below.
2.2.1 Building Object: General Data
General information, related to each building object inside the area under study is
included into this module of data. The geometry of the building, height, number of
floors and floor area are used for the quantification of construction materials when
detailed data is not available. The building typology (e.g. individual house, collective dwelling, office building …) is also needed when no detailed data about
construction materials is available. This will mainly help the application of environmental indicators ratios for the evaluation depending on the typology. Other
general data, such as construction year, number of occupants, housing units, type of
operation (new construction or renovation) has to be collected. Table 2
Table 2 Data needs for
building object, general data
Data needs
Type (unit if specified)
Building typology
CodeList
Floor area
Decimal (m
2
)
Geometry
Geometry
Construction year
Date
Number of storeys
Integer
Height
Decimal
Type of operation
CodeList
Number of occupants
Integer
Housing units
Integer
Glazing ratio
Decimal
Renovation actions
String
Main structure type
CodeList
Main structural material
CodeList
Main filling material in facade
CodeList
Foundation type
CodeList
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285