76
use the term “industrial ecology” and any one of four city-related words: “cities”,
“city”, “urban” or “urbanization” in the title, abstract or keywords. The search
results are modifi ed to remove obvious anomalies as well as articles in press for
2014. Still, the search results include some papers that perhaps do not really refl ect
the essence of applying IE at the city scale while missing others that do. To give
some examples, several of the early papers discuss eco-industrial parks as a strategy
for sustainable cities, or eco-parks which just happen to be in cities, without really
refl ecting the idea that industrial symbiosis might be more broadly applied on a city
scale. Similarly, the search picks up a few papers that are focused on household
consumption within cities, which, while contributing to urban metabolism, might
miss industrial and larger-scale urban processes in cities. Another scale-related
problem is that a few papers are included that primarily discuss energy or material
fl ows at national and regional levels, with only brief mention of processes at the
urban scale. Of the 212 papers recorded in the fi rst search perhaps as many as half
might be rejected if the search were restricted to research at the city scale. That said,
the search terms exclude a potentially large literature on energy and material fl ows
in cities that does not use the term “industrial ecology”. Omitted papers include, for
example, a material fl ow study of paper in a city (Leach et al. 1997 ) and an overview
of strategies for the ecological restructuring of cities (Hahn and Simonis 1991 ). In
more recent years, industrial ecologists have made numerous studies of greenhouse
gas emissions associated with cities (e.g. Kennedy et al. 2009 ), or urban sustainability more broadly (e.g. Baynes and Wiedmann 2012 ), many of which are missed.
Fig. 4.1 Papers published (1996–2014) in: (1) Scopus-tracked journals including industrial ecology and cities, city, urban or urbanization in the title, abstract or keywords; (2) the Journal of
Industrial Ecology, including the keywords cities, city, urban or urbanization
C.A. Kennedy
use the term “industrial ecology” and any one of four city-related words: “cities”,
“city”, “urban” or “urbanization” in the title, abstract or keywords. The search
results are modifi ed to remove obvious anomalies as well as articles in press for
2014. Still, the search results include some papers that perhaps do not really refl ect
the essence of applying IE at the city scale while missing others that do. To give
some examples, several of the early papers discuss eco-industrial parks as a strategy
for sustainable cities, or eco-parks which just happen to be in cities, without really
refl ecting the idea that industrial symbiosis might be more broadly applied on a city
scale. Similarly, the search picks up a few papers that are focused on household
consumption within cities, which, while contributing to urban metabolism, might
miss industrial and larger-scale urban processes in cities. Another scale-related
problem is that a few papers are included that primarily discuss energy or material
fl ows at national and regional levels, with only brief mention of processes at the
urban scale. Of the 212 papers recorded in the fi rst search perhaps as many as half
might be rejected if the search were restricted to research at the city scale. That said,
the search terms exclude a potentially large literature on energy and material fl ows
in cities that does not use the term “industrial ecology”. Omitted papers include, for
example, a material fl ow study of paper in a city (Leach et al. 1997 ) and an overview
of strategies for the ecological restructuring of cities (Hahn and Simonis 1991 ). In
more recent years, industrial ecologists have made numerous studies of greenhouse
gas emissions associated with cities (e.g. Kennedy et al. 2009 ), or urban sustainability more broadly (e.g. Baynes and Wiedmann 2012 ), many of which are missed.
Fig. 4.1 Papers published (1996–2014) in: (1) Scopus-tracked journals including industrial ecology and cities, city, urban or urbanization in the title, abstract or keywords; (2) the Journal of
Industrial Ecology, including the keywords cities, city, urban or urbanization
C.A. Kennedy