351
Most of the specifi c sector roadmaps cite technology advances within their plan
for 2020 and 2050 targets. In most instances, the ways suggested to bring about a
reduction in CO 2 footprint are sector specifi c. An example is the ULCOS project.
3
ULCOS stands for ultra-low carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) steelmaking. It is a consortium
of 48 European companies and organisations from 15 European countries that have
launched a cooperative research and development initiative to enable drastic reduction in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from steel production. The consortium consists of all major EU steel companies, of energy and engineering partners, research
institutes and universities and is supported by the European commission. The aim
of the ULCOS programme is to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions of
today’s best routes by at least 50 %. Other initiatives include the deployment of
high-effi ciency kilns as examples of material changes such as the development of
artifi cial pozzolans within the cement industry (OECD et al. 2009 ). However, if the
challenge is to deliver a low-carbon economy, then the ultimate requirement is to
base the design of that (industrial) economy on thermodynamic principles (Bakshi
et al. 2011 ).
LOCIMAP brought together an array of existing and emerging technologies that
individually offer an ability to recover and to transfer heat from one process to
another and which are key to achieving the ambition for integration. Further, the
management of such integrated systems will demand an overarching control philosophy and deployment of ICT (see LOCIMAP White Paper 3).
Link2Energy Ltd is active in developing opportunity within both the Humber
and Tees river basins for the deployment of fl ameless oxy-combustion FPO systems. Suitable for a wide variety of wet waste materials including renewables, the
technology is capable of very high operating effi ciency and low emissions due to the
absence of nitrogen. It has also pioneered the development of hydrothermal carbonisation for the treatment of organic materials including poultry litter and is
applicable in several industries within the Humber hinterland.
Process techniques such as pinch technology make it possible to defi ne minimum
utility consumption for individual processes and also the optimum energy target for
integration of quite disparate processes. This powerful technique has been used
extensively within the process industries in particular. LOCIMAP extended the
technique to the application across a virtual industrial park. The end result is a powerful blueprint for integrating processes from the chemical, petrochemical, pulp and
paper, fi ne chemical and biofuel sectors together with some from the iron and steel
and non-ferrous metal industries.
The LOCIMAP project has sought to minimise the release of carbon through
intelligent synergies between industries. Processes are under development elsewhere to use CO 2 as a feedstock. Some products may be manufactured from fl uegas CO 2 , e.g. cyclic carbonates, but the market for these products is small in
comparison with present emissions. Carbon capture and storage is the ultimate
backstop, and many of the individual sector roadmaps forecast the importance of
this technology within their 2050 view on CO 2 reductions. It may become increas3 http://www.ulcos.org
19 Quantifying the Potential of Industrial Symbiosis: The LOCIMAP Project…
Most of the specifi c sector roadmaps cite technology advances within their plan
for 2020 and 2050 targets. In most instances, the ways suggested to bring about a
reduction in CO 2 footprint are sector specifi c. An example is the ULCOS project.
3
ULCOS stands for ultra-low carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) steelmaking. It is a consortium
of 48 European companies and organisations from 15 European countries that have
launched a cooperative research and development initiative to enable drastic reduction in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from steel production. The consortium consists of all major EU steel companies, of energy and engineering partners, research
institutes and universities and is supported by the European commission. The aim
of the ULCOS programme is to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions of
today’s best routes by at least 50 %. Other initiatives include the deployment of
high-effi ciency kilns as examples of material changes such as the development of
artifi cial pozzolans within the cement industry (OECD et al. 2009 ). However, if the
challenge is to deliver a low-carbon economy, then the ultimate requirement is to
base the design of that (industrial) economy on thermodynamic principles (Bakshi
et al. 2011 ).
LOCIMAP brought together an array of existing and emerging technologies that
individually offer an ability to recover and to transfer heat from one process to
another and which are key to achieving the ambition for integration. Further, the
management of such integrated systems will demand an overarching control philosophy and deployment of ICT (see LOCIMAP White Paper 3).
Link2Energy Ltd is active in developing opportunity within both the Humber
and Tees river basins for the deployment of fl ameless oxy-combustion FPO systems. Suitable for a wide variety of wet waste materials including renewables, the
technology is capable of very high operating effi ciency and low emissions due to the
absence of nitrogen. It has also pioneered the development of hydrothermal carbonisation for the treatment of organic materials including poultry litter and is
applicable in several industries within the Humber hinterland.
Process techniques such as pinch technology make it possible to defi ne minimum
utility consumption for individual processes and also the optimum energy target for
integration of quite disparate processes. This powerful technique has been used
extensively within the process industries in particular. LOCIMAP extended the
technique to the application across a virtual industrial park. The end result is a powerful blueprint for integrating processes from the chemical, petrochemical, pulp and
paper, fi ne chemical and biofuel sectors together with some from the iron and steel
and non-ferrous metal industries.
The LOCIMAP project has sought to minimise the release of carbon through
intelligent synergies between industries. Processes are under development elsewhere to use CO 2 as a feedstock. Some products may be manufactured from fl uegas CO 2 , e.g. cyclic carbonates, but the market for these products is small in
comparison with present emissions. Carbon capture and storage is the ultimate
backstop, and many of the individual sector roadmaps forecast the importance of
this technology within their 2050 view on CO 2 reductions. It may become increas3 http://www.ulcos.org
19 Quantifying the Potential of Industrial Symbiosis: The LOCIMAP Project…