Chapter 16
Hyperbolic Radio Navigation Systems
Long-range radio technical navigation systems (LRRNS) implementing the
differential-range-measurement principle of an object position finding are almost
not used. These systems, after successful introduction of satellite radio navigation
systems SRNS and its functional updates, will not be used in near future on maritime
and air transport. Even now modern aerial vehicles are not equipped with LRRNS
systems, however its use is still provided on some aircraft of old types. There are no
new development works on LRRNS systems.
Alongside with that, it’s necessary to mention that there are developments on
integrated equipment of LRRNS and SRNS, and scientific research works on deeper
integrating of these systems in order to provide noise immunity increase and user
equipment operation in high latitudes are carried out.
In this regard, we’ll concentrate only on differential-ranging principle of an object
position finding.
The existing differential-ranging LRRNS operate in low-frequency (kilometric)
and myriametric waves (long and very long waves) to provide the required operation range based on use of surface radio wave propagation properties. Hyperbolic (differential-ranging) radio navigation systems (HRNS) can be related to
range-measuring system without responder.
HRNS systems create a grid (lattice) of position lines representing hyperbolas
with focal points in position dots of a pair of ground-based reference stations
(Fig. 16.1). Distance difference D, which is the main radio-navigational parameter
in these systems, is defined by time interval t between signals receiving from the
corresponding pair of ground-based reference stations (A and B):
D =
x gsA − x ob
2 +
y gsA − y ob
2 +
z gsA − z ob
2
−
x gsB − x ob
2 +
y gsB − y ob
2 +
z gsB − z ob
2 = ct,
(16.1)
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_16
311
Hyperbolic Radio Navigation Systems
Long-range radio technical navigation systems (LRRNS) implementing the
differential-range-measurement principle of an object position finding are almost
not used. These systems, after successful introduction of satellite radio navigation
systems SRNS and its functional updates, will not be used in near future on maritime
and air transport. Even now modern aerial vehicles are not equipped with LRRNS
systems, however its use is still provided on some aircraft of old types. There are no
new development works on LRRNS systems.
Alongside with that, it’s necessary to mention that there are developments on
integrated equipment of LRRNS and SRNS, and scientific research works on deeper
integrating of these systems in order to provide noise immunity increase and user
equipment operation in high latitudes are carried out.
In this regard, we’ll concentrate only on differential-ranging principle of an object
position finding.
The existing differential-ranging LRRNS operate in low-frequency (kilometric)
and myriametric waves (long and very long waves) to provide the required operation range based on use of surface radio wave propagation properties. Hyperbolic (differential-ranging) radio navigation systems (HRNS) can be related to
range-measuring system without responder.
HRNS systems create a grid (lattice) of position lines representing hyperbolas
with focal points in position dots of a pair of ground-based reference stations
(Fig. 16.1). Distance difference D, which is the main radio-navigational parameter
in these systems, is defined by time interval t between signals receiving from the
corresponding pair of ground-based reference stations (A and B):
D =
x gsA − x ob
2 +
y gsA − y ob
2 +
z gsA − z ob
2
−
x gsB − x ob
2 +
y gsB − y ob
2 +
z gsB − z ob
2 = ct,
(16.1)
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_16
311