2 Principal Physics of Radar Location and Radio-Navigation
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observation point is admitted to term as “reflected wave,” for other points of space it
is interpreted as “scattered wave.”
Radar and radio-navigational technologies of observation are based on use of such
properties of electromagnetic waves and effects of its interaction with backgroundtarget environment as:
• constant velocity and propagation linearity (in homogeneous medium) of electromagnetic waves (by using for measuring of range and angular coordinates);
• Doppler effect (is used for measuring of velocity), Huygens–Fresnel principle (is
used for generation and variation of physical or signal field posted around radar);
• signal coherency (is used for optimum processing of radar signals to increase
energy potential and accuracy characteristics of observation), possibility to maintain harmonic structure during the process of radar transformations in narrow-band
signals;
• focus on physical formation, radiation, receiving and processing of timely spatial
radar signals using different radio electronic devices;
• use of possibilities delivering by adequate homomorphous coding of backgroundtarget environment parameters to characteristics of radar and radio navigation
signal;
• use of procedures organization possibility of matching receiving signals with
reference signals prepared for radiation that increases both quality of information
contact and its ability of refuse to destruction during electronic countermeasures,
and also qualitatively update a catalog of used signals, for instance, via abrupt
upgrade of its bandwidth or even transition to video signals;
• possibility of effectively evaluation of only coordinated target characteristics as
against of none-coordinate where real success is achieved only after evaluation of
coordinate characteristics of target element (segments) due to procedures of high
resolution;
• possibilities use of up-to-date computers for replaying of physical functions of
signals formation and processing, and also for performing of virtual modes (e.g.,
synthesizing of antenna aperture, polarization scanning, interferometry observation, CCD—coherent change detection—mode of targets acquisition and evaluation of its none-coordinated characteristics according to changes in radar image),
where based on fixed experimental results the unimplemented in experiment
observation conditions are generated;
• possibility of direct instantaneous evaluation of a set of coordinate target parameters—range, radial velocity, directional cosines, derivative of directional cosines
and polarization structure of scattered by target signals which form effective technologies of radar images acquisition cueing the information-intensive structures
of background-target environment;
• possibility as a sounding signal (illumination) to use signals generated by
outsourced radio electronic systems: radio transmission stations of digital and
analog television, radio broadcasting, cellular communication systems, HF radio
stations, global positioning systems signals, etc.
13
observation point is admitted to term as “reflected wave,” for other points of space it
is interpreted as “scattered wave.”
Radar and radio-navigational technologies of observation are based on use of such
properties of electromagnetic waves and effects of its interaction with backgroundtarget environment as:
• constant velocity and propagation linearity (in homogeneous medium) of electromagnetic waves (by using for measuring of range and angular coordinates);
• Doppler effect (is used for measuring of velocity), Huygens–Fresnel principle (is
used for generation and variation of physical or signal field posted around radar);
• signal coherency (is used for optimum processing of radar signals to increase
energy potential and accuracy characteristics of observation), possibility to maintain harmonic structure during the process of radar transformations in narrow-band
signals;
• focus on physical formation, radiation, receiving and processing of timely spatial
radar signals using different radio electronic devices;
• use of possibilities delivering by adequate homomorphous coding of backgroundtarget environment parameters to characteristics of radar and radio navigation
signal;
• use of procedures organization possibility of matching receiving signals with
reference signals prepared for radiation that increases both quality of information
contact and its ability of refuse to destruction during electronic countermeasures,
and also qualitatively update a catalog of used signals, for instance, via abrupt
upgrade of its bandwidth or even transition to video signals;
• possibility of effectively evaluation of only coordinated target characteristics as
against of none-coordinate where real success is achieved only after evaluation of
coordinate characteristics of target element (segments) due to procedures of high
resolution;
• possibilities use of up-to-date computers for replaying of physical functions of
signals formation and processing, and also for performing of virtual modes (e.g.,
synthesizing of antenna aperture, polarization scanning, interferometry observation, CCD—coherent change detection—mode of targets acquisition and evaluation of its none-coordinated characteristics according to changes in radar image),
where based on fixed experimental results the unimplemented in experiment
observation conditions are generated;
• possibility of direct instantaneous evaluation of a set of coordinate target parameters—range, radial velocity, directional cosines, derivative of directional cosines
and polarization structure of scattered by target signals which form effective technologies of radar images acquisition cueing the information-intensive structures
of background-target environment;
• possibility as a sounding signal (illumination) to use signals generated by
outsourced radio electronic systems: radio transmission stations of digital and
analog television, radio broadcasting, cellular communication systems, HF radio
stations, global positioning systems signals, etc.