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164. S. Couet, T. Devolder, J. Swerts, S. Mertens, T. Lin, E. Liu et al., Impact of Ta and W-based
spacers in double MgO STT-MRAM free layers on perpendicular anisotropy and damping.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 152406 (2017)
165. T. Devolder, E. Liu, J. Swerts, S. Couet, T. Lin, S. Mertens et al., Ferromagnetic resonance
study of composite Co/Ni - FeCoB free layers with perpendicular anisotropy. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 109, 142408 (2016)
166. J.-H. Park, Y. Kim, W. Lim, J. Kim, S. Park, W. Kim, et al., Enhancement of data retention and
write current scaling for sub-20 nm STT-MRAM by utilizing dual interfaces for perpendicular
magnetic anisotropy, in 2012 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSIT) (2012), pp. 57–58
167. S.E. Lee, Y. Takemura, J.G. Park, Effect of double MgO tunneling barrier on thermal stability
and TMR ratio for perpendicular MTJ spin-valve with tungsten layers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 109,
182405 (2016)
168. S.E. Lee, T.H. Shim, J.G. Park, Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) spin-valves
designed with a top Co2Fe6B2 free layer and a nanoscale-thick tungsten bridging and capping
layer. Npg Asia Mater. 8, e324 (2016)
169. E. Liu, J. Swerts, S. Couet, S. Mertens, Y. Tomczak, T. Lin et al., [Co/Ni]-CoFeB hybrid free
layer stack materials for high density magnetic random access memory applications. Appl.
Phys. Lett. 108, 132405 (2016)
170. E. Liu, J. Swerts, T. Devolder, S. Couet, S. Mertens, T. Lin et al., Seed layer impact on structural
and magnetic properties of [Co/Ni] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. J.
Appl. Phys. 121, 043905 (2017)
171. S. Mizukami, X. Zhang, T. Kubota, H. Naganuma, M. Oogane, Y. Ando et al., Gilbert damping
in Ni/Co multilayer films exhibiting large perpendicular anisotropy. Appl. Phys. Express 4,
013005 (2011)
172. G. Daalderop, P. Kelly, F. Den Broeder, Prediction and confirmation of perpendicular magnetic
anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 682 (1992)
173. S. Girod, M. Gottwald, S. Andrieu, S. Mangin, J. McCord, E.E. Fullerton et al., Strong
perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Ni/Co (111) single crystal superlattices. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 94, 262504 (2009)
174. S. Fukami, T. Suzuki, H. Tanigawa, N. Ohshima, N. Ishiwata, Stack structure dependence
of Co/Ni multilayer for current-induced domain wall motion. Appl. Phys. Express 3, 113002
(2010)
175. N. Perrissin, S. Lequeux, N. Strelkov, A. Chavent, L. Vila, L.D. Buda-Prejbeanu et al., A
highly thermally stable sub-20 nm magnetic random-access memory based on perpendicular
shape anisotropy. Nanoscale 10, 12187–12195 (2018)
176. K. Watanabe, B. Jinnai, S. Fukami, H. Sato, H. Ohno, Shape anisotropy revisited in single-digit
nanometer magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Commun. 9, 663 (2018)
177. J. Griffiths, Anomalous high-frequency resistance of ferromagnetic metals. Nature 158, 670
(1946)
178. C. Kittel, Interpretation of anomalous Larmor frequencies in ferromagnetic resonance
experiment. Phys. Rev. 71, 270 (1947)
179. M. Farle, Ferromagnetic resonance of ultrathin metallic layers. Rep. Prog. Phys. 61, 755
(1998)
180. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, vol. 8 (Wiley New York, 1976)
181. C. Bilzer, Microwave Susceptibility of Thin Ferromagnetic Films: Metrology and Insight into
Magnetization Dynamics (Université Paris Sud-Paris XI, PhD, 2007)
182. Y. Tserkovnyak, A. Brataas, G.E. Bauer, Spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in
metallic multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 66, 224403 (2002)
183. J.M. Shaw, H.T. Nembach, T.J. Silva, Determination of spin pumping as a source of linewidth
in sputtered Co 90 Fe 10/Pd multilayers by use of broadband ferromagnetic resonance
spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 85, 054412 (2012)
184. W. Yager, R. Bozorth, Ferromagnetic resonance at microwave frequencies. Phys. Rev. 72, 80
(1947)
W. C. Law and S. De W. Wong
164. S. Couet, T. Devolder, J. Swerts, S. Mertens, T. Lin, E. Liu et al., Impact of Ta and W-based
spacers in double MgO STT-MRAM free layers on perpendicular anisotropy and damping.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 152406 (2017)
165. T. Devolder, E. Liu, J. Swerts, S. Couet, T. Lin, S. Mertens et al., Ferromagnetic resonance
study of composite Co/Ni - FeCoB free layers with perpendicular anisotropy. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 109, 142408 (2016)
166. J.-H. Park, Y. Kim, W. Lim, J. Kim, S. Park, W. Kim, et al., Enhancement of data retention and
write current scaling for sub-20 nm STT-MRAM by utilizing dual interfaces for perpendicular
magnetic anisotropy, in 2012 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSIT) (2012), pp. 57–58
167. S.E. Lee, Y. Takemura, J.G. Park, Effect of double MgO tunneling barrier on thermal stability
and TMR ratio for perpendicular MTJ spin-valve with tungsten layers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 109,
182405 (2016)
168. S.E. Lee, T.H. Shim, J.G. Park, Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) spin-valves
designed with a top Co2Fe6B2 free layer and a nanoscale-thick tungsten bridging and capping
layer. Npg Asia Mater. 8, e324 (2016)
169. E. Liu, J. Swerts, S. Couet, S. Mertens, Y. Tomczak, T. Lin et al., [Co/Ni]-CoFeB hybrid free
layer stack materials for high density magnetic random access memory applications. Appl.
Phys. Lett. 108, 132405 (2016)
170. E. Liu, J. Swerts, T. Devolder, S. Couet, S. Mertens, T. Lin et al., Seed layer impact on structural
and magnetic properties of [Co/Ni] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. J.
Appl. Phys. 121, 043905 (2017)
171. S. Mizukami, X. Zhang, T. Kubota, H. Naganuma, M. Oogane, Y. Ando et al., Gilbert damping
in Ni/Co multilayer films exhibiting large perpendicular anisotropy. Appl. Phys. Express 4,
013005 (2011)
172. G. Daalderop, P. Kelly, F. Den Broeder, Prediction and confirmation of perpendicular magnetic
anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 682 (1992)
173. S. Girod, M. Gottwald, S. Andrieu, S. Mangin, J. McCord, E.E. Fullerton et al., Strong
perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Ni/Co (111) single crystal superlattices. Appl. Phys.
Lett. 94, 262504 (2009)
174. S. Fukami, T. Suzuki, H. Tanigawa, N. Ohshima, N. Ishiwata, Stack structure dependence
of Co/Ni multilayer for current-induced domain wall motion. Appl. Phys. Express 3, 113002
(2010)
175. N. Perrissin, S. Lequeux, N. Strelkov, A. Chavent, L. Vila, L.D. Buda-Prejbeanu et al., A
highly thermally stable sub-20 nm magnetic random-access memory based on perpendicular
shape anisotropy. Nanoscale 10, 12187–12195 (2018)
176. K. Watanabe, B. Jinnai, S. Fukami, H. Sato, H. Ohno, Shape anisotropy revisited in single-digit
nanometer magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Commun. 9, 663 (2018)
177. J. Griffiths, Anomalous high-frequency resistance of ferromagnetic metals. Nature 158, 670
(1946)
178. C. Kittel, Interpretation of anomalous Larmor frequencies in ferromagnetic resonance
experiment. Phys. Rev. 71, 270 (1947)
179. M. Farle, Ferromagnetic resonance of ultrathin metallic layers. Rep. Prog. Phys. 61, 755
(1998)
180. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, vol. 8 (Wiley New York, 1976)
181. C. Bilzer, Microwave Susceptibility of Thin Ferromagnetic Films: Metrology and Insight into
Magnetization Dynamics (Université Paris Sud-Paris XI, PhD, 2007)
182. Y. Tserkovnyak, A. Brataas, G.E. Bauer, Spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in
metallic multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 66, 224403 (2002)
183. J.M. Shaw, H.T. Nembach, T.J. Silva, Determination of spin pumping as a source of linewidth
in sputtered Co 90 Fe 10/Pd multilayers by use of broadband ferromagnetic resonance
spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 85, 054412 (2012)
184. W. Yager, R. Bozorth, Ferromagnetic resonance at microwave frequencies. Phys. Rev. 72, 80
(1947)