152
Bucklin A, Hopcroft RR, Kosobokova KN et al (2010) DNA barcoding of Arctic Ocean holozooplankton for species identification and
recognition. Deep Sea Res Part 2 57:40–48
Bucklin A, Steinke D, Blanco-Bercial L (2011) DNA barcoding of
marine Metazoa. Annu Rev Mar Sci 3:471–508
Bucklin A, Lindeque PK, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N et al (2016)
Metabarcoding of marine zooplankton: prospects, progress and pitfalls. J Plankton Res 38:393–400
CAFF (2010) Arctic biodiversity trends 2010: selected indicators of
change. CAFF International Secretariat, Akureyri
Carmack E, Wassmann P (2006) Food webs and physical–biological
coupling on pan-Arctic shelves: unifying concepts and comprehensive perspectives. Prog Oceanogr 71:446–477
Carr SM, Marshall HD (2008) Intraspecific phylogeographic genomics
from multiple complete mtDNA genomes in Atlantic Cod (Gadus
morhua): origins of the “Codmother” transatlantic vicariance and
midglacial population expansion. Genetics 180:381–389
Carr CM, Hardy SM, Brown TM et al (2011) A tri-oceanic perspective: DNA barcoding reveals geographic structure and cryptic diversity in Canadian polychaetes. PLoS One 6(7):e22232. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022232
Comeau AM, Li WKW, Tremblay J-E et al (2011) Arctic Ocean microbial community structure before and after the 2007 record sear ice
minimum. PLoS One 6(11):e27492. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027492
Deagle BE, Jarmen SN, Coissac E et al (2014) DNA metabarcoding and
the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I marker: not a perfect match. Biol
Lett 10:140562. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0562
Dunton KH, Goodall JL, Schonberg SV et al (2005) Multi-decadal
synthesis of benthic-pelagic coupling in the western Arctic:
role of cross-shelf advective processes. Deep Sea Res Part 2
52:3462–3477
Falk-Petersen S, Mayzaud P, Kattner G et al (2008) Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus. Mar Biol Res 5:18–39
Fauchald K (1984) Polychaete distribution patterns, or: can animals
with Palaeozoic cousins show large-scale geographical patterns? In:
Hutchings PA (ed) Proceedings of the first international polychaete
conference, Sydney, The Linnean Society of New South Wales,
pp 1–6
Fišer Ž, Altermatt F, Zakšek V et al (2015) Morphologically cryptic amphipod species are “ecological clones” at regional but not
at local scale: a case study of four Niphargus species. PLoS One
10(7):e0134384. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134384
Gabrielsen TM, Merkel B, Søreide J et al (2012) Potential misidentifications of two climate indicator species of the marine arctic
ecosystem: Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus. Polar Biol
35:1621–1628
Gilchrist HG, Mallory ML (2005) Declines in abundance and distribution of the ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) in Arctic Canada. Biol
Conserv 121:303–309
Gladenkov AY, Gladenkov YB (2004) Onset of connections between the
Pacific and Arctic Oceans through the Bering Strait in the Neogene.
Stratigr Geol Correl 12:175–187
Golikov AN, Scarlato OA (1989) Evolution of Arctic ecosystems
during the Neogene period. In: Herman Y (ed) The Arctic Seas
climatology, oceanography and biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, pp 257–279
Gong J, Dong J, Liu X et al (2013) Extremely high copy numbers and
polymorphisms of the rDNA operon estimated from single cell analysis of Oligotrich and Peritrich ciliates. Protist 164:369–379
Hajibabaei M, Singer GAC, Hebert PDN et al (2007) DNA barcoding:
how it complements taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. Trends Genet 23:167–172
Hardy SM, Carr CM, Hardman M et al (2011) Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: insights from molecular tools.
Mar Biodivers 41:195–210
Harris LN, Taylor EB (2010) Pleistocene glaciations and contemporary
genetic diversity in a Beringian fish, the broad whitefish, Coregonus
nasus (Pallas): inferences from microsatellite DNA variation. J Evol
Biol 23:72–86
Haug GH, Tiedemann R (1998) Effect of the formation of the Isthmus
of Panama on Atlantic Ocean thermocline circulation. Nature
393:673–676
Hays GC, Richardson AJ, Robinson C (2005) Climate change and
marine plankton. Trends Ecol Evol 20:337–344
Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL et al (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:313–321
Hegseth EN, Sundfjord A (2008) Intrusion and blooming of Atlantic
phytoplankton species in the high Arctic. J Mar Syst 74:108–119
Heimeier D, Lavery S, Sewell MA (2010) Using DNA barcoding and
phylogenetics to identify Antarctic invertebrate larvae: lesson from
a large scale study. Mar Gen 3:165–177
Hewitt GM (2000) The genetic legacy of the quaternary ice ages.
Nature 45:907–913. https://doi.org/10.1038/35016000
Hewitt GM (2004) Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the
quaternary. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 359:183–195
Hop H, Gjøsæter H (2013) Polar cod (Boerogadus saida) and capelin
(Mallotus villosus) as key species in marine food webs of the Arctic
and Barents Sea. Mar Biol Res 9:878–894
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014) Climate
change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups
I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the IPCC. IPCC,
Switzerland, Genève
Kai Y, Orr JW, Sakai K et al (2011) Genetic and morphological evidence for cryptic diversity in the Careproctus rastrinus species
complex (Liparidae) of the North Pacific. Ichthyol Res 58:143–154
Kędra M, Moritz C, Choy ES et al (2015) Status and trends in the structure of Arctic benthic food webs. Pol Res 34:23775. https://doi.
org/10.3402/polar.v34.23775
Kodzius R, Gojobori T (2015) Marine metagenomics as a source for
bioprospecting. Mar Gen 24:21–30
Kovacs KM, Moore S, Lydersen C et al (2010) Impacts of changing sea ice conditions on Arctic marine mammals. Mar Biodivers
41:181–194
Kovpak NE, Skurikhina LA, Kukhlevsky AD et al (2011) Genetic
divergence and relationships among smelts of the genus Osmerus
from the Russian waters. Russ J Genet 47:958–972
Layton KKS, Corstorphine EA, Hebert PDN (2016) Exploring
Canadian echinoderm diversity through DNA barcodes. PLoS One
11(11):e0166118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166118
Legendre L, Le Fèvre J (1995) Microbial food webs and the export of
biogenic carbon in oceans. Aquat Microb Ecol 9:69–77
Leu E, Mundy CJ, Assmy P et al (2015) Arctic spring awakening –
steering principles behind the phenology of vernal ice algal blooms.
Prog Oceanogr 139:151–170
Lindeque PK, Harris R, Jones MB et al (2004) Distribution of Calanus
spp. as determined using a genetic identification system. Sci Mar
68:121–128
Lindsay DJ, Grossmann MM, Nishikawa J et al (2015) DNA barcoding of pelagic cnidarians: current status and future prospects. Bull
Plankton Soc Jpn 62:39–43
Maggs CA, Castihlo R, Foltz D et al (2008) Evaluating signatures of
glacial refugia for North Atlanthic benthic marine taxa. Ecology
89:108–122
Marquardt M, Vader A, Stübner EI et al (2016) Strong seasonality of
marine microbial eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in
West Spitsbergen, Norway). Appl Environ Microbiol 82:1868–1880
Mathiesen SS, Thyrring J, Hemmer-Hansen J et al (2017) Genetic
diversity and connectivity within Mytilus spp. in the subarctic and
Arctic. Evol Appl 10:39–55
Matsuyama K, Martha SO, Scholz J et al (2017) Ristedtia vestiflua
n. gen. et sp., a new bryoazon genus and species (Gymnolaemata:
K. S. Walczyńska et al.
Bucklin A, Hopcroft RR, Kosobokova KN et al (2010) DNA barcoding of Arctic Ocean holozooplankton for species identification and
recognition. Deep Sea Res Part 2 57:40–48
Bucklin A, Steinke D, Blanco-Bercial L (2011) DNA barcoding of
marine Metazoa. Annu Rev Mar Sci 3:471–508
Bucklin A, Lindeque PK, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N et al (2016)
Metabarcoding of marine zooplankton: prospects, progress and pitfalls. J Plankton Res 38:393–400
CAFF (2010) Arctic biodiversity trends 2010: selected indicators of
change. CAFF International Secretariat, Akureyri
Carmack E, Wassmann P (2006) Food webs and physical–biological
coupling on pan-Arctic shelves: unifying concepts and comprehensive perspectives. Prog Oceanogr 71:446–477
Carr SM, Marshall HD (2008) Intraspecific phylogeographic genomics
from multiple complete mtDNA genomes in Atlantic Cod (Gadus
morhua): origins of the “Codmother” transatlantic vicariance and
midglacial population expansion. Genetics 180:381–389
Carr CM, Hardy SM, Brown TM et al (2011) A tri-oceanic perspective: DNA barcoding reveals geographic structure and cryptic diversity in Canadian polychaetes. PLoS One 6(7):e22232. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022232
Comeau AM, Li WKW, Tremblay J-E et al (2011) Arctic Ocean microbial community structure before and after the 2007 record sear ice
minimum. PLoS One 6(11):e27492. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027492
Deagle BE, Jarmen SN, Coissac E et al (2014) DNA metabarcoding and
the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I marker: not a perfect match. Biol
Lett 10:140562. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0562
Dunton KH, Goodall JL, Schonberg SV et al (2005) Multi-decadal
synthesis of benthic-pelagic coupling in the western Arctic:
role of cross-shelf advective processes. Deep Sea Res Part 2
52:3462–3477
Falk-Petersen S, Mayzaud P, Kattner G et al (2008) Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus. Mar Biol Res 5:18–39
Fauchald K (1984) Polychaete distribution patterns, or: can animals
with Palaeozoic cousins show large-scale geographical patterns? In:
Hutchings PA (ed) Proceedings of the first international polychaete
conference, Sydney, The Linnean Society of New South Wales,
pp 1–6
Fišer Ž, Altermatt F, Zakšek V et al (2015) Morphologically cryptic amphipod species are “ecological clones” at regional but not
at local scale: a case study of four Niphargus species. PLoS One
10(7):e0134384. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134384
Gabrielsen TM, Merkel B, Søreide J et al (2012) Potential misidentifications of two climate indicator species of the marine arctic
ecosystem: Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus. Polar Biol
35:1621–1628
Gilchrist HG, Mallory ML (2005) Declines in abundance and distribution of the ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) in Arctic Canada. Biol
Conserv 121:303–309
Gladenkov AY, Gladenkov YB (2004) Onset of connections between the
Pacific and Arctic Oceans through the Bering Strait in the Neogene.
Stratigr Geol Correl 12:175–187
Golikov AN, Scarlato OA (1989) Evolution of Arctic ecosystems
during the Neogene period. In: Herman Y (ed) The Arctic Seas
climatology, oceanography and biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, pp 257–279
Gong J, Dong J, Liu X et al (2013) Extremely high copy numbers and
polymorphisms of the rDNA operon estimated from single cell analysis of Oligotrich and Peritrich ciliates. Protist 164:369–379
Hajibabaei M, Singer GAC, Hebert PDN et al (2007) DNA barcoding:
how it complements taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. Trends Genet 23:167–172
Hardy SM, Carr CM, Hardman M et al (2011) Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: insights from molecular tools.
Mar Biodivers 41:195–210
Harris LN, Taylor EB (2010) Pleistocene glaciations and contemporary
genetic diversity in a Beringian fish, the broad whitefish, Coregonus
nasus (Pallas): inferences from microsatellite DNA variation. J Evol
Biol 23:72–86
Haug GH, Tiedemann R (1998) Effect of the formation of the Isthmus
of Panama on Atlantic Ocean thermocline circulation. Nature
393:673–676
Hays GC, Richardson AJ, Robinson C (2005) Climate change and
marine plankton. Trends Ecol Evol 20:337–344
Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL et al (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc R Soc Lond B 270:313–321
Hegseth EN, Sundfjord A (2008) Intrusion and blooming of Atlantic
phytoplankton species in the high Arctic. J Mar Syst 74:108–119
Heimeier D, Lavery S, Sewell MA (2010) Using DNA barcoding and
phylogenetics to identify Antarctic invertebrate larvae: lesson from
a large scale study. Mar Gen 3:165–177
Hewitt GM (2000) The genetic legacy of the quaternary ice ages.
Nature 45:907–913. https://doi.org/10.1038/35016000
Hewitt GM (2004) Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the
quaternary. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 359:183–195
Hop H, Gjøsæter H (2013) Polar cod (Boerogadus saida) and capelin
(Mallotus villosus) as key species in marine food webs of the Arctic
and Barents Sea. Mar Biol Res 9:878–894
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014) Climate
change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups
I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the IPCC. IPCC,
Switzerland, Genève
Kai Y, Orr JW, Sakai K et al (2011) Genetic and morphological evidence for cryptic diversity in the Careproctus rastrinus species
complex (Liparidae) of the North Pacific. Ichthyol Res 58:143–154
Kędra M, Moritz C, Choy ES et al (2015) Status and trends in the structure of Arctic benthic food webs. Pol Res 34:23775. https://doi.
org/10.3402/polar.v34.23775
Kodzius R, Gojobori T (2015) Marine metagenomics as a source for
bioprospecting. Mar Gen 24:21–30
Kovacs KM, Moore S, Lydersen C et al (2010) Impacts of changing sea ice conditions on Arctic marine mammals. Mar Biodivers
41:181–194
Kovpak NE, Skurikhina LA, Kukhlevsky AD et al (2011) Genetic
divergence and relationships among smelts of the genus Osmerus
from the Russian waters. Russ J Genet 47:958–972
Layton KKS, Corstorphine EA, Hebert PDN (2016) Exploring
Canadian echinoderm diversity through DNA barcodes. PLoS One
11(11):e0166118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166118
Legendre L, Le Fèvre J (1995) Microbial food webs and the export of
biogenic carbon in oceans. Aquat Microb Ecol 9:69–77
Leu E, Mundy CJ, Assmy P et al (2015) Arctic spring awakening –
steering principles behind the phenology of vernal ice algal blooms.
Prog Oceanogr 139:151–170
Lindeque PK, Harris R, Jones MB et al (2004) Distribution of Calanus
spp. as determined using a genetic identification system. Sci Mar
68:121–128
Lindsay DJ, Grossmann MM, Nishikawa J et al (2015) DNA barcoding of pelagic cnidarians: current status and future prospects. Bull
Plankton Soc Jpn 62:39–43
Maggs CA, Castihlo R, Foltz D et al (2008) Evaluating signatures of
glacial refugia for North Atlanthic benthic marine taxa. Ecology
89:108–122
Marquardt M, Vader A, Stübner EI et al (2016) Strong seasonality of
marine microbial eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in
West Spitsbergen, Norway). Appl Environ Microbiol 82:1868–1880
Mathiesen SS, Thyrring J, Hemmer-Hansen J et al (2017) Genetic
diversity and connectivity within Mytilus spp. in the subarctic and
Arctic. Evol Appl 10:39–55
Matsuyama K, Martha SO, Scholz J et al (2017) Ristedtia vestiflua
n. gen. et sp., a new bryoazon genus and species (Gymnolaemata:
K. S. Walczyńska et al.