157
10.4.2.2 Qualitative Analysis
Response rates were much lower for the qualitative part of the questionnaire and
varied significantly among the different impact categories. As expected the obtained
results were quite different for each impact (Figs. 10.9, 10.10, 10.11, 10.12, 10.13,
10.14, 10.15, 10.16, 10.17, 10.18, 10.19, 10.20, 10.21, and 10.22), but some common trends can be identified.
Surprisingly, with the exception of “health,” cost has not been identified as a
major barrier for improving the impacts of palm oil on human well-being
(Figs. 10.18, 10.19, 10.20, 10.21, and 10.22). On the other hand, cost and technical
0.0
1.0
2.0
Income
Health
Land titles
Labor standards
Social conflict
Water quality and
quantity
Air pollution
Waste
Soil fertility
Soil erosion
Climate
Invasive species
Agrochemical use
Biodiversity
Indonesia
Malaysia
Fig. 10.7 Average scores
for producers (“large
producers” and “small
producers”) that are based
in Indonesia and Malaysia
0.00
1.00
2.00
Income
Health
Land titles
Labor standards
Social conflict
Water quality and
quantity
Air pollution
Waste
Soil fertility
Soil erosion
Climate
Invasive species
Agrochemical use
Biodiversity
No
Yes
Fig. 10.8 Average scores for stakeholder “interested” and “not interested” in palm oil biodiesel
production
10 Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being Impacts…