320
systems about UHI intensity and extension, (3) installing air conditioning in public
buildings, (4) supporting air conditioning in private buildings and apartments, (5)
incorporating a warning system of cardiovascular disorders, asthma and allergenic
risks, (6) incorporating a system supporting elderly and disable people during episodes of extreme heat waves and intensive Urban Heat Island.
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, a link is provided to the Creative
Commons license and any changes made are indicated.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the work's Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in
the work's Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce
the material.
References
Basu, R. (2009). High ambient temperature and mortality: A review of epidemiologic studies from
2001 to 2008. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 8 , 40. Retrieved May
21, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759912/
Beck, I., Jochner, S., Gilles, S., McIntyre, M., Buters, J. T. M., Schmidt-Weber, C., Behrendt, H.,
Ring, J., Menzel, A., & Traidl-Hoffmann, C. (2013). High environmental ozone levels lead to
enhanced alergenicity of birch pollen. PLoS One, 8 (11), 1–7.
Bielory, L., Lyons, K., & Goldberg, R. (2012). Climate change and allergic disease. Current
Allergy and Asthma Reports, 12 (6), 485–494.
Błażejczyk, K. (2011). Mapping of UTCI in local scale (the case of Warsaw). Prace i Studia
Geografi czne WGSR UW, 47 , 275–283.
Błażejczyk, K., Jendritzky, G., Bröde, P., Fiala, D., Havenith, G., Epstein, Y., Psikuta, A.,
Kampmann, B., & Tinz, B. (2013a). An introduction to the Universal Thermal Climate Index
(UTCI). Geographia Polonica, 86 (1), 5–10.
Błażejczyk, K., Kuchcik, M., Błażejczyk, A., Milewski, P., & Szmyd, J. (2013b). Assessment of
urban thermal stress by UTCI – Experimental and modelling studies: An example from Poland.
Die Erde, 144 (3), 105–116. doi: 10.12854/erde-144-8 .
Bröde, P., Fiala, D., Błażejczyk, K., Holmér, I., Jendritzky, G., Kampmann, B., Tinz, B., &
Havenith, G. (2012). Deriving the operational procedure for the Universal Thermal Climate
Index (UTCI). International Journal of Biometeorology, 56 (3), 481–494.
Cecchi, L., D’Amato, G., Ayres, J. G., Galan, C., Forastiere, F., Forsberg, B., Gerritsen, J., Nunes,
C., Behrendt, H., Akdis, C., Dahl, R., & Annesi-Maesano, I. (2010). Projections of the effects
of climate change on allergic asthma: The contribution of aerobiology. Allergy, 65 (9),
1073–1081.
Eurostat (2014). http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities . Retrived June 30, 2014.
Kuchcik, M., Baranowski, J., Adamczyk, A. B., & Błażejczyk, K. (2008). The network of microclimatic measures in Warsaw agglomeration. In K. Kłysik, J. Wibig, & K. Fortuniak (Eds.),
Klimat i bioklimat miast (pp. 123–128). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Lovasi, G. S., O’Neil-Dunne, J. P. M., Lu, J. W., Sheehan, D., Perzanowski, M. S., MacFaden,
S. W., King, K. L., Matte, T., Miller, R. L., Hoepner, L. A., Perera, F. P., & Rundle, A. (2013).
Urban tree canopy and asthma, wheeze, rhinitis and allergic sensitization to tree pollen in a
New York City birth cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121 (4), 494–500.
K. Błażejczyk et al.
systems about UHI intensity and extension, (3) installing air conditioning in public
buildings, (4) supporting air conditioning in private buildings and apartments, (5)
incorporating a warning system of cardiovascular disorders, asthma and allergenic
risks, (6) incorporating a system supporting elderly and disable people during episodes of extreme heat waves and intensive Urban Heat Island.
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, a link is provided to the Creative
Commons license and any changes made are indicated.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the work's Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in
the work's Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce
the material.
References
Basu, R. (2009). High ambient temperature and mortality: A review of epidemiologic studies from
2001 to 2008. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 8 , 40. Retrieved May
21, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759912/
Beck, I., Jochner, S., Gilles, S., McIntyre, M., Buters, J. T. M., Schmidt-Weber, C., Behrendt, H.,
Ring, J., Menzel, A., & Traidl-Hoffmann, C. (2013). High environmental ozone levels lead to
enhanced alergenicity of birch pollen. PLoS One, 8 (11), 1–7.
Bielory, L., Lyons, K., & Goldberg, R. (2012). Climate change and allergic disease. Current
Allergy and Asthma Reports, 12 (6), 485–494.
Błażejczyk, K. (2011). Mapping of UTCI in local scale (the case of Warsaw). Prace i Studia
Geografi czne WGSR UW, 47 , 275–283.
Błażejczyk, K., Jendritzky, G., Bröde, P., Fiala, D., Havenith, G., Epstein, Y., Psikuta, A.,
Kampmann, B., & Tinz, B. (2013a). An introduction to the Universal Thermal Climate Index
(UTCI). Geographia Polonica, 86 (1), 5–10.
Błażejczyk, K., Kuchcik, M., Błażejczyk, A., Milewski, P., & Szmyd, J. (2013b). Assessment of
urban thermal stress by UTCI – Experimental and modelling studies: An example from Poland.
Die Erde, 144 (3), 105–116. doi: 10.12854/erde-144-8 .
Bröde, P., Fiala, D., Błażejczyk, K., Holmér, I., Jendritzky, G., Kampmann, B., Tinz, B., &
Havenith, G. (2012). Deriving the operational procedure for the Universal Thermal Climate
Index (UTCI). International Journal of Biometeorology, 56 (3), 481–494.
Cecchi, L., D’Amato, G., Ayres, J. G., Galan, C., Forastiere, F., Forsberg, B., Gerritsen, J., Nunes,
C., Behrendt, H., Akdis, C., Dahl, R., & Annesi-Maesano, I. (2010). Projections of the effects
of climate change on allergic asthma: The contribution of aerobiology. Allergy, 65 (9),
1073–1081.
Eurostat (2014). http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities . Retrived June 30, 2014.
Kuchcik, M., Baranowski, J., Adamczyk, A. B., & Błażejczyk, K. (2008). The network of microclimatic measures in Warsaw agglomeration. In K. Kłysik, J. Wibig, & K. Fortuniak (Eds.),
Klimat i bioklimat miast (pp. 123–128). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Lovasi, G. S., O’Neil-Dunne, J. P. M., Lu, J. W., Sheehan, D., Perzanowski, M. S., MacFaden,
S. W., King, K. L., Matte, T., Miller, R. L., Hoepner, L. A., Perera, F. P., & Rundle, A. (2013).
Urban tree canopy and asthma, wheeze, rhinitis and allergic sensitization to tree pollen in a
New York City birth cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121 (4), 494–500.
K. Błażejczyk et al.