Pyrrole and pyrrolidine
(Ornithine derived)
N
H
N
H
Pyrrole
Pyrrolidine
Hygrine, cuscohygrine and nicotine
Pyrrolizidine
N
Pyrrolizidine
Echimidine and symphitine
Quinoline
(Tryptophan/anthranilic
acid derived)
N
Quinoline
Cinchonine, brucine, quinine
and quinidine
Terpenoidal/steroidal
Terpenoidal
OH
O
H
O
O
OMe
OAc
OMe
OMe
O
H
OMe
N
Ph
Aconitine
Aconitine
Steroidal
N
H 2
NH 2
Steroidal alkaloid
Batrachotoxin, conanine,
irehdiamine A, solanine,
samandarine and tomatillidine
Tropane
(Ornithine derived)
N
R
Tropane R = Me
Nortropane R = H
Atropine, cocaine, ecgonine,
hyoscine and scopalamine
Pyridine and piperidine alkaloids
Alkaloids, e.g. piperine, coniine, trigonelline, pilocarpine, nicotine and
sparteine, possess a pyridine or modified pyridine heterocyclic ring system
(e.g. piperidine ring).
Piperine Piperine, molecular formula C 17 H 19 NO 3 , a component of black
pepper (Piper nigrum), has been used in various traditional medicine
preparations, and also as an insecticide. Piperine has various effects on
human drug metabolizing enzymes, and is marketed under the brand name,
Bioperine
1 , as an adjunct for increasing bioavailability of various dietary
supplements, especially curcumin, one of the active ingredients of turmeric
(Curcuma longa).
Class/structural types
Generic structure
Examples
6.2 ALKALOIDS
291