466
Index
Atomic number, 400-401
Atomic orbital, 119, 134
Atomic weight
absolute. 145-146
approximate, 150, 211-212
dalton, 145-146
gram, 145-146
relative, 145-146
scale, 144-145
ton, 177
Atomic weights, 144-145
chemical, 152
determination of, 150-151
Average, 48
Average deviation, 49-50
with calculator, 52
Avogadro's number, 146, 163
Back-titration, 197
Balancing equations, 107-108
electron transfer, 291-300
electron transfer with organic compounds,
297-299
general guidelines, 300
ionic, 413-414
molecular, 299-302
nuclear, 401-402
summary, 414
Barometer, 157
Barometric pressure, 157
correction to 0°C, 158
Base, of a logarithm, 13
Base, of a number, 5
Bases
definition and naming, 105
strong, 412
weak, 353-354
Battery, 270
dead, 278
Best-fit line, 65, 72-75
how to draw, 76
Beta particle, 401-402
Binary compounds of two nonmetals,
110
Boiling-point elevation, 330-332
constants for (table), 330
Bond angle and electron-pair repulsion,
131
and odd electron, 141
Bond energy (enthalpy), 114, 219-220
table of covalent bond energies, 115
Bond pair, of electrons, 119, 123
Bond radii, 117-118
table of values, 115
Boron family, 120
Boyle's law, 159
Buffers, 356-358
Buoyancy, 90-96
correction factor, 94-95
correction for weighing, 92-96
Buret, 195
Calculator
antilog (base e) from, 17
antilog (base 10) from, 16
calculation of average by, 52
calculation of [H
+ ] by, 345
calculation of [OH ] by, 345
calculation of pH by, 342-343
entry of common logs, 13
entry of decimal notation, 7
entry of scientific notation, 7
method of least squares by, 75
powers with, 18
reciprocals from, 18
roots from, 19
sequential operations with, 20
significant figures with, 48, 59
standard deviation with, 52. 59
Calibration
of calorimeter, 208-209
of flask, 87, 96
Calorie, 205, 207
Calorimeter, 206-211
for combustion, 220-221
Calorimetry, 206-211
Carbon family, 120-121
Catalysts, 246
effect on equilibrium and equilibrium
constant, 264
effect on reaction rates, 264
Cell voltage, 274, 276-278, 280
and concentration, 275-278
and free energy, 281
Celsius scale, 35-38
Central atom, 118
Characteristic, 14
Charges on atoms, determination of, 293
Charles' law, 159
Colhgative properties
of electrolytes, 333-335
of nonelectrolytes, 328-333
Collision energies, 243-244
Collision frequency and reaction rate,
228
Combustion calorimeter, 220-221
Combustion enthalpy, 218-219
Combustion, internal energy of, 222
Commercial concentrated solutions,
192-193
Common-ion effect
in acids and bases, 354-355
and solubility, 375-376
Common sense principle, 90
Index
Atomic number, 400-401
Atomic orbital, 119, 134
Atomic weight
absolute. 145-146
approximate, 150, 211-212
dalton, 145-146
gram, 145-146
relative, 145-146
scale, 144-145
ton, 177
Atomic weights, 144-145
chemical, 152
determination of, 150-151
Average, 48
Average deviation, 49-50
with calculator, 52
Avogadro's number, 146, 163
Back-titration, 197
Balancing equations, 107-108
electron transfer, 291-300
electron transfer with organic compounds,
297-299
general guidelines, 300
ionic, 413-414
molecular, 299-302
nuclear, 401-402
summary, 414
Barometer, 157
Barometric pressure, 157
correction to 0°C, 158
Base, of a logarithm, 13
Base, of a number, 5
Bases
definition and naming, 105
strong, 412
weak, 353-354
Battery, 270
dead, 278
Best-fit line, 65, 72-75
how to draw, 76
Beta particle, 401-402
Binary compounds of two nonmetals,
110
Boiling-point elevation, 330-332
constants for (table), 330
Bond angle and electron-pair repulsion,
131
and odd electron, 141
Bond energy (enthalpy), 114, 219-220
table of covalent bond energies, 115
Bond pair, of electrons, 119, 123
Bond radii, 117-118
table of values, 115
Boron family, 120
Boyle's law, 159
Buffers, 356-358
Buoyancy, 90-96
correction factor, 94-95
correction for weighing, 92-96
Buret, 195
Calculator
antilog (base e) from, 17
antilog (base 10) from, 16
calculation of average by, 52
calculation of [H
+ ] by, 345
calculation of [OH ] by, 345
calculation of pH by, 342-343
entry of common logs, 13
entry of decimal notation, 7
entry of scientific notation, 7
method of least squares by, 75
powers with, 18
reciprocals from, 18
roots from, 19
sequential operations with, 20
significant figures with, 48, 59
standard deviation with, 52. 59
Calibration
of calorimeter, 208-209
of flask, 87, 96
Calorie, 205, 207
Calorimeter, 206-211
for combustion, 220-221
Calorimetry, 206-211
Carbon family, 120-121
Catalysts, 246
effect on equilibrium and equilibrium
constant, 264
effect on reaction rates, 264
Cell voltage, 274, 276-278, 280
and concentration, 275-278
and free energy, 281
Celsius scale, 35-38
Central atom, 118
Characteristic, 14
Charges on atoms, determination of, 293
Charles' law, 159
Colhgative properties
of electrolytes, 333-335
of nonelectrolytes, 328-333
Collision energies, 243-244
Collision frequency and reaction rate,
228
Combustion calorimeter, 220-221
Combustion enthalpy, 218-219
Combustion, internal energy of, 222
Commercial concentrated solutions,
192-193
Common-ion effect
in acids and bases, 354-355
and solubility, 375-376
Common sense principle, 90