Nguyen, Brunstrom, Grinnemo, and Taheri
48
provisioning the network resources for the end‐to‐end con nectivity of network slices in
a dynamic, automated, and efficient manner. As illustrated in Figure 2.11, the role of the
end‐to‐end management and orchestration will be multi‐domain, multi‐operators, and
multi‐technology spanning from the infrastructure layer to the application (service)
layer, and spanning from the RAN to the core of the network.
In 2014, the NFV MANO working group in the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI) has specified in its technical specification [31], an architectural framework showing main components and their functionalities, as well as
the operations within the framework. In the meantime, there are several efforts that
have implemented the NFV MANO concept as open source platforms, such as
OpenStack Tacker, OpenBaton, OSM, Open‐O, etc. [30]. These open source platforms
are being applied to today’s 4G core network and will be integrated into the deployment
of the 5G network architecture.
However, due to the diversity of network resources from RAN to the core, the current
NFV MANO framework should be extended in order to manage not only virtualized
network functions and resources, but also physical nodes. In addition, dynamically
managing and orchestrating the network services and slices would also be challenging.
2.4 5G Standardization Activities
A number of research activities are currently being carried out within standardization
organizations, such as International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 3GPP, ETSI, the
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), and the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). In the following, the status of ongoing activates within these
organizations will be summarized.
2.4.1 ITU Activities
After success in developing international standards and specifications for the previous
International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) generations, including IMT‐2000 (i.e. 3G)
and IMT‐Advanced (i.e. 4G), ITU continues its leading role to outline the concept and
vision for 5G, including identifying key parameters, with a target date set for 2020, thus it is
End-to-End Multi-Domain Management and Orchestration
Devices
Network Function (NF)
NF that is part of a slice
Network connectivity
Radio Access
Edge cloud
Centralized cloud
Figure 2.11 The illustration of the end‐to‐end multi‐domain management and orchestration.
48
provisioning the network resources for the end‐to‐end con nectivity of network slices in
a dynamic, automated, and efficient manner. As illustrated in Figure 2.11, the role of the
end‐to‐end management and orchestration will be multi‐domain, multi‐operators, and
multi‐technology spanning from the infrastructure layer to the application (service)
layer, and spanning from the RAN to the core of the network.
In 2014, the NFV MANO working group in the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI) has specified in its technical specification [31], an architectural framework showing main components and their functionalities, as well as
the operations within the framework. In the meantime, there are several efforts that
have implemented the NFV MANO concept as open source platforms, such as
OpenStack Tacker, OpenBaton, OSM, Open‐O, etc. [30]. These open source platforms
are being applied to today’s 4G core network and will be integrated into the deployment
of the 5G network architecture.
However, due to the diversity of network resources from RAN to the core, the current
NFV MANO framework should be extended in order to manage not only virtualized
network functions and resources, but also physical nodes. In addition, dynamically
managing and orchestrating the network services and slices would also be challenging.
2.4 5G Standardization Activities
A number of research activities are currently being carried out within standardization
organizations, such as International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 3GPP, ETSI, the
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), and the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). In the following, the status of ongoing activates within these
organizations will be summarized.
2.4.1 ITU Activities
After success in developing international standards and specifications for the previous
International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) generations, including IMT‐2000 (i.e. 3G)
and IMT‐Advanced (i.e. 4G), ITU continues its leading role to outline the concept and
vision for 5G, including identifying key parameters, with a target date set for 2020, thus it is
End-to-End Multi-Domain Management and Orchestration
Devices
Network Function (NF)
NF that is part of a slice
Network connectivity
Radio Access
Edge cloud
Centralized cloud
Figure 2.11 The illustration of the end‐to‐end multi‐domain management and orchestration.