5G Mobile Networks: Requirements, Enabling Technologies, and Research Activities 33
of 5G services in this category are ultra‐high definition video (e.g. 4 K/8 K), virtual
reality, augmented reality, virtual presence, etc.
● Massive machine type communications: This usage scenario relates to deployments of
a large number of connected devices, which typically transmit relatively small amount
of data such as sensors and utility meters. These devices are required to be low‐cost
and have a long battery life. Some typical examples of 5G services in this category are
inventory control, smart city, smart metering, video surveillance, etc.
● Ultra‐reliable and low latency communications: This usage scenario is about the
capability to provide a given service with stringent requirements in terms of ultra‐low
latency, ultra‐high reliability and high availability, as well as high throughput. Some
typical examples of 5G services in this category are autonomous driving cars, smart
grids, eHealth, Tactile Internet, remote surgery, industrial automation and control, etc.
The rest of the chapter will be organized into two main parts. In the first half, typical
technical requirements that need to be met when 5G is realized are identified, followed
by a description of technologies, which are considered as key enablers for 5G. The
second part summarizes ongoing 5G activities, which are recently developing from
global, regional standardization organizations to open research forums and research
communities worldwide.
2.2 5G Requirements
A huge number of requirements for 5G have been identified by different organizations,
companies, and research communities. The requirements emanate from end user’s
experience, system performance, services, and operation and management. For example, ITU‐R has identified some key requirements for 5G such as peak data rate, mobility,
connection density, network and spectrum efficiency, etc. [7]. Figure 2.2 summarizes
key requirements of 5G and some example values for each requirement. In principle,
5G requirements can be seen from a user performance perspective such as data rate,
Massive
Machine Type
Communications
(mMTC)
Enhanced
Mobile
Broadband
(eMBB)
Ultra-Reliable and Low
Latency Communications
(URLLC)
5G
Figure 2.1 Three main use case categories as
defined by ITU in [7] and 3GPP in [8].
of 5G services in this category are ultra‐high definition video (e.g. 4 K/8 K), virtual
reality, augmented reality, virtual presence, etc.
● Massive machine type communications: This usage scenario relates to deployments of
a large number of connected devices, which typically transmit relatively small amount
of data such as sensors and utility meters. These devices are required to be low‐cost
and have a long battery life. Some typical examples of 5G services in this category are
inventory control, smart city, smart metering, video surveillance, etc.
● Ultra‐reliable and low latency communications: This usage scenario is about the
capability to provide a given service with stringent requirements in terms of ultra‐low
latency, ultra‐high reliability and high availability, as well as high throughput. Some
typical examples of 5G services in this category are autonomous driving cars, smart
grids, eHealth, Tactile Internet, remote surgery, industrial automation and control, etc.
The rest of the chapter will be organized into two main parts. In the first half, typical
technical requirements that need to be met when 5G is realized are identified, followed
by a description of technologies, which are considered as key enablers for 5G. The
second part summarizes ongoing 5G activities, which are recently developing from
global, regional standardization organizations to open research forums and research
communities worldwide.
2.2 5G Requirements
A huge number of requirements for 5G have been identified by different organizations,
companies, and research communities. The requirements emanate from end user’s
experience, system performance, services, and operation and management. For example, ITU‐R has identified some key requirements for 5G such as peak data rate, mobility,
connection density, network and spectrum efficiency, etc. [7]. Figure 2.2 summarizes
key requirements of 5G and some example values for each requirement. In principle,
5G requirements can be seen from a user performance perspective such as data rate,
Massive
Machine Type
Communications
(mMTC)
Enhanced
Mobile
Broadband
(eMBB)
Ultra-Reliable and Low
Latency Communications
(URLLC)
5G
Figure 2.1 Three main use case categories as
defined by ITU in [7] and 3GPP in [8].